vendredi 5 juillet 2013

L'expérience de diffraction des électrons par Davisson et Germer illustrée avec PSTricks par Thomas Söll

L'expérience de diffraction des électrons par Davisson et Germer joliment illustrée par Thomas Söll. Le texte du document est en allemand.


Les fichiers ((Elektronenbeugung-2.tex Elektronenbeugung-2.pdf) et les fichiers originaux :
(Elektronenbeugung.tex Elektronenbeugung.pdf) sont dans le répertoire :

Le code :

\documentclass[12pt,fleqn,dvipsnames]{article}
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[sfmath,frenchstyle]{kpfonts}

\parindent0pt
\parskip4pt

%\usepackage[dvipsnames]{xcolor} %% Farben sind im Dokument xcolor.pdf definiert
\usepackage[rgb]{pstricks}
\usepackage{pst-eucl,pstricks-add,pst-grad,pst-coil,pst-circ,pst-slpe}

\newcommand{\Zylinder}[9]{%  #1 L\"{a}nge, #2 Radius, #3 gradbegin, #4 gradend, #5 gradmidpoint
\pscustom[dimen=#9,fillstyle=gradient,gradbegin=#3,gradend=#4,gradmidpoint=#5,gradangle=90,linecolor=#6,linewidth=#7,linestyle=#8]{%
\psellipticarc(0,0)(!#2 #2 0.3 mul){180}{360}
\psellipticarcn(0,#1)(!#2 #2 0.3 mul){0}{-180}
\closepath
}
\psellipse[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=#6,linestyle=none](0,#1)(!#2 #2 0.3 mul)
}

\definecolor{TextA}{rgb}{0.2,0.402,0.333}% Pfeile Medium Aquamarine

\begin{document}

\newpage
\section*{Elektronenbeugungsr\"{o}hre}

Der experimentelle Nachweis der Elektronenbeugung an Kristallen gelang 1927 C. J. Davisson (1881 -- 1958) und L. H. Germer (1886 -- 1971)

Louis De Broglie (1892 -- 1987) hatte 1923 als Hypothese formuliert, dass sich Materie mit Elementen der Wellentheorie beschreiben lassen sollte und aus theoretischen \"{U}berlegungen f\"{u}r die Wellenl\"{a}nge (nach ihm als de-Broglie-Wellenl\"{a}nge bezeichnet) $\lambda = \frac{h}{m\cdot v} = \frac{h}{p}$ hergeleitet. 1961 wurde das Doppelspaltexperiment mit Elektronen durch Claus J\"{o}nsson (1931 -- ) an k\"{u}nstlich hergestellten Feinspalten durchgef\"{u}hrt.

\begin{pspicture}[showgrid=false](-1,-1.5)(13,6.5)
\definecolor{Kristallblau}{rgb}{0.1176,0.5647,1}% Dodger blau
\definecolor{RandFarbe}{rgb}{0.1176,0.5647,1}%{0,0.75,1}% DeepSkyBlue

%%R\"{o}hre
%\psellipse[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=Kristallblau!50,opacity=0.3,linestyle=dashed](1.5,2.5)(0.35,1.5)

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\psellipticarcn(1.5,2.5)(0.35,1.5){270}{90}
\psellipticarcn(10,2.5)(3,3.75){151.7}{-151.7}
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}
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\psellipticarcn(10,2.5)(3,3.75){30}{-30}
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%%Heiz
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\psellipse[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=black](1.5,2)(0.03,0.04)
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\rput{-90}(2.85,2.5){%
\psellipse[fillstyle=gradient,gradbegin=black!90!cyan!80,gradend=gray!10,gradmidpoint=0.65,gradangle=90,linewidth=0.3pt,linecolor=black!85](0,0.75)(!0.48 dup 0.3 mul)}
\psframe[fillstyle=gradient,gradbegin=red!10,gradend=red!70,gradmidpoint=0.5,gradangle=0,linestyle=none,framearc=0.3](3.47,2.45)(4.5,2.55)
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\rput{-90}(4.45,2.5){%
\psellipse[fillstyle=gradient,gradbegin=black!90!cyan!80,gradend=gray!10,gradmidpoint=0.65,gradangle=90,linewidth=0.3pt,linecolor=black!85](0,0.1)(!0.2 dup 0.3 mul)}
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\psellipticarcn[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=SeaGreen,linestyle=none](12.98,2.5)(0.12,0.28){270}{90}
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\pscustom[linewidth=1pt]{%
\psellipticarcn(1.5,2.5)(0.35,1.5){270}{90}
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%\psarcn(11,2.5){3.5}{154.623}{-154.623}
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}

\psline(2.6,2.72)(2.6,5)
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\psline(4.5,3)(4.5,5)
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\psline(7.335,1.9)(6.5,1.2)(6.5,0)
\uput[-90](6.5,0){\shortstack[c]{Écran de \\graphite mince}}

\end{pspicture}

\section*{Netzebenen im Graphit}

Der Winkel des einfallenden Strahles wird nicht, wie in der Optik \"{u}blich, gegen das Lot, sondern gegen die Netzebene gemessen. Der einfallende Strahl wird durch die Reflexion an den Netzebenen um den doppelten Winkel abgelenkt.

\def\FM{\psBall[linecolor=blue!50,slopebegin=blue!20,sloperadius=0.25,linewidth=0.1pt,slopecenter=0.65 0.6,linestyle=solid](0,0){blue}{8pt}}
\def\LiP{\psBall[linecolor=black!60,slopebegin=gray!20,sloperadius=0.09,linewidth=0.1pt,slopecenter=0.65 0.6,linestyle=solid](0,0){black!80}{3.5pt}}

\definecolor{Myblau}{rgb}{0.1176,0.5647,1}% Dodger blau
\definecolor{Mygreen}{rgb}{0.196,0.804,0.196}% LimeGreen
\definecolor{Mypurple}{rgb}{0.627,0.125,0.941}% Purple
\definecolor{Mynavajo}{rgb}{0.545,0.475,0.369}% 139 121 94


{\psset{unit=1.75cm}
\begin{pspicture}[showgrid=false](1,0.5)(11,5)
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\def\laenge{4}
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\pnode(6,2){S2}

\rput(S1){\pnode(!\laenge\space 180 \wi1\space sub PtoC){T1}}
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\psline(R1)(T1)
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\psline(R1)(T1)
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\rput[r]{\wi1}(9.25,4.4){1er maximum}
%1er maximum
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}

\end{document}

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