Les différents types de désintégration nucléaire

Les différents types de désintégration nucléaire, dessinés avec PSTricks, par Thomas Söll et Gilg Jürgen.

émission α

émission β-

émission β+

rayonnement γ

Les fichiers (desintegrations.pdf desintegrations.tex) sont dans l'archive :

Thomas.Soell

ou :

\documentclass[dvipsnames]{article}
\usepackage{pst-slpe,pst-plot}
\SpecialCoor
\begin{document}
\def\Kernradius{7.5pt}
\def\KernabstandHe{7.5pt}
\def\KernabstandA{7.5pt}
\def\KernabstandB{7.7pt}
\def\KernabstandCB{11.8pt}
\def\KernabstandCD{12.3pt}
\def\KernabstandC{12.5pt}
\def\KernabstandD{13.0pt}
\def\KernabstandE{20.5pt}
\def\KernabstandBaE{19.8pt}
\def\KernabstandEA{20.0pt}
\def\KernabstandF{24.0pt}
\def\KernabstandG{23.4pt}
\def\ColorProton{red}
\def\ColorNeutron{gray!20}


\newpsstyle{proton}{linecolor={[rgb]{0.72 0 0}},slopebegin=red!50,sloperadius=0.15,linewidth=0.1pt,slopecenter=0.65 0.6,linestyle=solid}
\newpsstyle{neutron}{linecolor=gray!50,slopebegin=white,sloperadius=0.11,linewidth=0.1pt,slopecenter=0.65 0.6,linestyle=solid}

\def\Proton{\psBall[style=proton](0,0){\ColorProton}{\Kernradius}}
\def\Neutron{\psBall[style=neutron](0,0){\ColorNeutron}{\Kernradius}}


\def\AtomKernU{%
%---------- 0. Ebene -------------------
\rput(\KernabstandG;108){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;144){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;180){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;216){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;252){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;288){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;324){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;0){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;36){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;72){\Proton}%
%---------- 1. Ebene -------------------
\rput(\KernabstandF;90){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;126){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;162){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;198){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;234){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;270){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;306){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;342){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;18){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;54){\Neutron}%
%------------ 2. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandE;73){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;145){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;107){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;180){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;215){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;290){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;253){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;36){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;1){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;325){\Proton}%
%------------ 3. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandD;225){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;282){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;327){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;171){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;104){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;36){\Proton}%
\rput(0;0){\Neutron}%
}%


\def\AtomKernRn{%
%---------- 0. Ebene -------------------
\rput(\KernabstandG;108){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;144){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;180){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;216){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;252){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;288){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;324){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;0){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;36){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;72){\Neutron}%
%---------- 1. Ebene -------------------
\rput(\KernabstandF;90){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;126){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;162){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;198){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;234){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;270){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;306){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;342){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;18){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;54){\Neutron}%
%------------ 2. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandE;73){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;145){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;107){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;180){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;215){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;290){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;253){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;36){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;1){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;325){\Proton}%
%------------ 3. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandD;225){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;282){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;327){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;171){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;104){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;36){\Neutron}%
\rput(0;0){\Proton}%
}%


\def\AtomKernF{%
%------------ 1. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandCB;10){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;70){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;135){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;180){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;255){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;330){\Proton}%
%------------ 2. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandCD;97){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;152){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;222){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;295){\Neutron}%
\rput(9pt;348){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;40){\Proton}%
\rput(0;0){\Neutron}%
}%

\def\AtomKernKr{%
%------------ 1. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandCD;0){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;70){\Proton}%
%\rput(\KernabstandCD;305){\Proton}%
%\rput(\KernabstandCD;250){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;195){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;135){\Neutron}%
%------------ 2. Ebene ------------------
%\rput(\KernabstandCD;282){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;225){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;327){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;104){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;165){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;36){\Neutron}%
\rput(0;0){\Proton}%
}%

\def\AtomKernNa{%
%------------ 1. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandCD;0){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;70){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;305){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;250){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;195){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;135){\Neutron}%
%------------ 2. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandCD;282){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;225){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;327){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;104){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;165){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;36){\Neutron}%
\rput(0;0){\Proton}%
}%

\def\AtomKernBa{%
%---------- 1. Ebene -------------------
\rput(\KernabstandEA;90){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;126){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;162){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;198){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;234){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;270){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;306){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;342){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;18){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;54){\Proton}%
%------------ 2. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;73){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;145){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;107){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;180){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;215){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;290){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;253){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;36){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;1){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;325){\Proton}%
%------------ 3. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandC;225){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;282){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;327){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;171){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;104){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;36){\Neutron}%
\rput(0;0){\Proton}%
}%

\def\AtomKernLi{%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;0){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;135){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;70){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;220){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;295){\Proton}%
\rput(0;0){\Neutron}%
}%


\def\AtomKernB{%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;45){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;135){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;315){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandB;225){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;180){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;0){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;270){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;90){\Neutron}%
}%

\def\AtomKernHe{%
\multido{\iAngle=40+180}{2}{%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;\iAngle){\Proton}%
}%
\multido{\iAngle=130+180}{2}{%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;\iAngle){\Neutron}%
}%
}%

\def\AtomKernBe{%
\multido{\iAngle=60+120}{3}{%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;\iAngle){\Neutron}%
}%
\multido{\iAngle=0+120}{3}{%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;\iAngle){\Proton}%
}%
\rput(0,0){\Neutron}%
}%

\def\AtomKernC{%
\rput(\KernabstandA;100){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;55){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;190){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;280){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;-35){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;10){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;-125){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;155){\Neutron}%
\rput(0,0){\Proton}%
}%


\def\AtomKernCN{%
\rput(\KernabstandA;100){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;10){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;55){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;190){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;280){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;-35){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;-125){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;155){\Neutron}%
\rput(0,0){\Proton}%
}%

\def\AtomKernO{%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;-10){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;-100){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;50){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;120){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;185){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;290){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;20){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;80){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;145){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;-40){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;220){\Neutron}%
\rput(0,0){\Neutron}
}%


\def\AtomKernNe{%
\multido{\iAngle=-40+60}{3}{%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;\iAngle){\Proton}%
}%
\multido{\iAngle=140+60}{3}{%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;\iAngle){\Neutron}%
}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;170){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;230){\Neutron}%
\multido{\iAngle=-10+60}{3}{%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;\iAngle){\Neutron}%
}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;-70){\Proton}
\rput(0,0){\Proton}
}%


\section*{D\'{e}sint\'{e}gration-$\alpha$}

\begin{center}

\begin{pspicture}(-4,-4)(4,3)

\rput(-1.5,-1.5){\AtomKernRn}
\uput{1.2cm}[180](-1.5,-1.5){$\mathrm{ ^{226}_{\phantom{2}88}Ra}$}


\rput(1.5,1.5){\AtomKernRn}
\uput{1.2cm}[0](1.5,1.5){$\mathrm{ ^{222}_{\phantom{2}86}Rn}$}

\rput(2,-3){\AtomKernHe}
\uput{0.5cm}[0](2,-3){$\mathrm{ ^{4}_{2}He}$}

\psline[linewidth=2pt]{->}(-0.4,-0.4)(0.4,0.4)

\def\fast{%
\psline(-0.25,0.1)(0.5,0.1)
\psline(-0.5,0.05)(0.25,0.05)
\psline(-0.5,0)(0.25,0)
\psline(-0.25,-0.05)(0.5,-0.05)
}

\rput{-22}(0.7,-2.4){\fast}
%\psgrid
\end{pspicture}
\end{center}

\section*{D\'{e}sint\'{e}gration-$\beta^-$}

\begin{center}

\begin{pspicture}(-4,-4)(4,3)

\rput(-1.5,-1.5){\AtomKernBa}
\uput{1.1cm}[180](-1.5,-1.5){$\mathrm{ ^{137}_{\phantom{2}55}Cs}$}


\rput(1.5,1.5){\AtomKernBa}
\uput{1.1cm}[0](1.5,1.5){$\mathrm{ ^{137}_{\phantom{2}56}Ba}$}



\newpsstyle{elektron}{linecolor=NavyBlue!80,slopebegin=NavyBlue!80,slopeend=NavyBlue!30,sloperadius=0.25,linewidth=0.1pt,slopecenter=0.65 0.6,linestyle=solid}
\def\Elektron{%
\psBall[style=elektron](0,0){NavyBlue}{0.15cm}
}

\rput(-0.8,-3.8){\Elektron}
\uput{0.25cm}[0](-0.8,-3.8){e$^-$}

\psline[linewidth=2pt]{->}(-0.4,-0.4)(0.4,0.4)

\def\fast{%
\psline(-0.25,0.1)(0.5,0.1)
\psline(-0.5,0.05)(0.25,0.05)
\psline(-0.5,0)(0.25,0)
\psline(-0.25,-0.05)(0.5,-0.05)
}

\rput{-80}(-1,-3){\fast}

\psline[linewidth=2pt](0.5,-1.5)(0.5,-4)

\rput(1.5,-3){\Neutron}
\uput{0.4cm}[180](1.5,-3){$\mathrm{ ^{1}_{0}n}$}
\psline{->}(2,-3)(2.6,-3)
\psline{->}(1.8,-2.7)(2.5,-2.2)
\rput(3,-3){\Elektron}
\uput{0.25cm}[0](3,-3){e$^-$}

\rput(3,-2){\Proton}
\uput{0.4cm}[0](3,-2){$\mathrm{ ^{1}_{1}p}$}
%\psgrid
\end{pspicture}
\end{center}


\section*{D\'{e}sint\'{e}gration-$\beta^+$}
\begin{center}
\begin{pspicture}(-4,-4)(4,3)
\rput(-1.5,-1.5){\AtomKernNa}
\uput{0.8cm}[180](-1.5,-1.5){$\mathrm{ ^{22}_{11}Na}$}
\rput(1.5,1.5){\AtomKernNa}
\uput{0.8cm}[0](1.5,1.5){$\mathrm{ ^{22}_{10}Ne}$}
\newpsstyle{elektron}{linecolor=NavyBlue!80,slopebegin=NavyBlue!80,slopeend=NavyBlue!30,sloperadius=0.25,linewidth=0.1pt,slopecenter=0.65 0.6,linestyle=solid}
\def\Elektron{%
\psBall[style=elektron](0,0){NavyBlue}{0.15cm}
}
\rput(-0.8,-3.8){\Elektron}
\uput{0.25cm}[0](-0.8,-3.8){e$^+$}
\psline[linewidth=2pt]{->}(-0.4,-0.4)(0.4,0.4)
\def\fast{%
\psline(-0.25,0.1)(0.5,0.1)
\psline(-0.5,0.05)(0.25,0.05)
\psline(-0.5,0)(0.25,0)
\psline(-0.25,-0.05)(0.5,-0.05)
}
\rput{-80}(-1,-3){\fast}
\psline[linewidth=2pt](0.5,-1.5)(0.5,-4)
\rput(1.5,-3){\Proton}
\uput{0.4cm}[180](1.5,-3){$\mathrm{ ^{1}_{1}p}$}
\psline{->}(2,-3)(2.6,-3)
\psline{->}(1.8,-2.7)(2.5,-2.2)
\rput(3,-3){\Elektron}
\uput{0.25cm}[0](3,-3){e$^+$}
\rput(3,-2){\Neutron}
\uput{0.4cm}[0](3,-2){$\mathrm{ ^{1}_{0}n}$}
%\psgrid
\end{pspicture}
\end{center}

\newpage

\section*{Rayonnement-$\gamma$}

\begin{center}
\begin{pspicture}(-4,-4)(4,3)
\rput(-1.5,-1.5){\AtomKernBa}
\uput{1.1cm}[180](-1.5,-1.5){$\mathrm{ ^{137}_{\phantom{2}56}Ba}^*$}
\rput(1.5,1.5){\AtomKernBa}
\uput{1.1cm}[0](1.5,1.5){$\mathrm{ ^{137}_{\phantom{2}56}Ba}$}
\psline[linewidth=2pt]{->}(-0.4,-0.4)(0.4,0.4)
\rput{-45}(-0.6,-2.4){%
\psscalebox{0.5}{
\psplot[linecolor=NavyBlue,linewidth=1.0pt,plotpoints=1200]%
     {-0.065}{3.1}{x 180 mul 3.141592654 div sin x 15 mul 180 mul 3.141592654 div cos mul}
  \psline[linecolor=NavyBlue,linewidth=1.0pt,arrowsize=0.25,arrowinset=0.07]{->}(3.08,-0.036)(3.5,-0.036)
}}
\rput(1.5,-3.6){\textcolor{NavyBlue}{$\gamma$-Quant}}
\end{pspicture}
\end{center}
\end{document}