Principe de la fission nucléaire, dessiné avec PSTricks, par Thomas Söll et Gilg Jürgen

Les fichiers (fission.pdf fission.tex) sont inclus dans l'archive :

Thomas.Soell

ou

\documentclass[dvipsnames]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}
\usepackage{pst-slpe,pst-grad}
\usepackage[a4paper,margin=2cm]{geometry}
\SpecialCoor
\begin{document}
%Fission
\begin{center}
\def\Kernradius{7.5pt}
\def\KernabstandHe{7.5pt}
\def\KernabstandA{7.5pt}
\def\KernabstandB{7.7pt}
\def\KernabstandCB{11.8pt}
\def\KernabstandCD{12.3pt}
\def\KernabstandC{12.5pt}
\def\KernabstandD{13.0pt}
\def\KernabstandE{20.5pt}
\def\KernabstandBaE{19.8pt}
\def\KernabstandEA{20.0pt}
\def\KernabstandF{24.0pt}
\def\KernabstandG{23.4pt}
\def\ColorProton{red}
\def\ColorNeutron{gray!20}
\newpsstyle{proton}{linecolor={[rgb]{0.72 0 0}},slopebegin=red!50,sloperadius=0.15,linewidth=0.1pt,slopecenter=0.65 0.6,linestyle=solid}
\newpsstyle{neutron}{linecolor=gray!50,slopebegin=white,sloperadius=0.11,linewidth=0.1pt,slopecenter=0.65 0.6,linestyle=solid}
\def\Proton{\psBall[style=proton](0,0){\ColorProton}{\Kernradius}}
\def\Neutron{\psBall[style=neutron](0,0){\ColorNeutron}{\Kernradius}}
\def\AtomKernU{%
%---------- 0. Ebene -------------------
\rput(\KernabstandG;108){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;144){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;180){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;216){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;252){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;288){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;324){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;0){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;36){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;72){\Proton}%
%---------- 1. Ebene -------------------
\rput(\KernabstandF;90){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;126){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;162){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;198){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;234){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;270){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;306){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;342){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;18){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;54){\Neutron}%
%------------ 2. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandE;73){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;145){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;107){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;180){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;215){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;290){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;253){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;36){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;1){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;325){\Proton}%
%------------ 3. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandD;225){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;282){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;327){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;171){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;104){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;36){\Proton}%
\rput(0;0){\Neutron}%
}%
\def\AtomKernRn{%
%---------- 0. Ebene -------------------
\rput(\KernabstandG;108){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;144){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;180){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;216){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;252){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;288){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;324){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;0){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;36){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;72){\Neutron}%
%---------- 1. Ebene -------------------
\rput(\KernabstandF;90){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;126){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;162){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;198){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;234){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;270){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;306){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;342){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;18){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;54){\Neutron}%
%------------ 2. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandE;73){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;145){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;107){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;180){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;215){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;290){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;253){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;36){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;1){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;325){\Proton}%
%------------ 3. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandD;225){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;282){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;327){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;171){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;104){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;36){\Neutron}%
\rput(0;0){\Proton}%
}%
\def\AtomKernF{%
%------------ 1. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandCB;10){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;70){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;135){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;180){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;255){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;330){\Proton}%
%------------ 2. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandCD;97){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;152){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;222){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;295){\Neutron}%
\rput(9pt;348){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;40){\Proton}%
\rput(0;0){\Neutron}%
}%
\def\AtomKernKr{%
%------------ 1. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandCD;0){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;70){\Proton}%
%\rput(\KernabstandCD;305){\Proton}%
%\rput(\KernabstandCD;250){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;195){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;135){\Neutron}%
%------------ 2. Ebene ------------------
%\rput(\KernabstandCD;282){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;225){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;327){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;104){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;165){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;36){\Neutron}%
\rput(0;0){\Proton}%
}%
\def\AtomKernNa{%
%------------ 1. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandCD;0){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;70){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;305){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;250){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;195){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;135){\Neutron}%
%------------ 2. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandCD;282){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;225){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;327){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;104){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;165){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;36){\Neutron}%
\rput(0;0){\Proton}%
}%
\def\AtomKernBa{%
%---------- 1. Ebene -------------------
\rput(\KernabstandEA;90){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;126){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;162){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;198){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;234){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;270){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;306){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;342){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;18){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;54){\Proton}%
%------------ 2. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;73){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;145){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;107){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;180){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;215){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;290){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;253){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;36){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;1){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;325){\Proton}%
%------------ 3. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandC;225){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;282){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;327){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;171){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;104){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;36){\Neutron}%
\rput(0;0){\Proton}%
}%
\def\AtomKernLi{%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;0){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;135){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;70){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;220){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;295){\Proton}%
\rput(0;0){\Neutron}%
}%
\def\AtomKernB{%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;45){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;135){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;315){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandB;225){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;180){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;0){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;270){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;90){\Neutron}%
}%
\def\AtomKernHe{%
\multido{\iAngle=40+180}{2}{%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;\iAngle){\Proton}%
}%
\multido{\iAngle=130+180}{2}{%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;\iAngle){\Neutron}%
}%
}%
\def\AtomKernBe{%
\multido{\iAngle=60+120}{3}{%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;\iAngle){\Neutron}%
}%
\multido{\iAngle=0+120}{3}{%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;\iAngle){\Proton}%
}%
\rput(0,0){\Neutron}%
}%
\def\AtomKernC{%
\rput(\KernabstandA;100){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;55){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;190){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;280){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;-35){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;10){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;-125){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;155){\Neutron}%
\rput(0,0){\Proton}%
}%
\def\AtomKernCN{%
\rput(\KernabstandA;100){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;10){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;55){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;190){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;280){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;-35){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;-125){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;155){\Neutron}%
\rput(0,0){\Proton}%
}%
\def\AtomKernO{%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;-10){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;-100){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;50){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;120){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;185){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;290){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;20){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;80){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;145){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;-40){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;220){\Neutron}%
\rput(0,0){\Neutron}
}%
\def\AtomKernNe{%
\multido{\iAngle=-40+60}{3}{%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;\iAngle){\Proton}%
}%
\multido{\iAngle=140+60}{3}{%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;\iAngle){\Neutron}%
}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;170){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;230){\Neutron}%
\multido{\iAngle=-10+60}{3}{%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;\iAngle){\Neutron}%
}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;-70){\Proton}
\rput(0,0){\Proton}
}%
\begin{pspicture}(-4,-5.5)(4.5,5)
\rput(0,4.5){\Neutron}
\uput{0.4cm}[0](0,4.5){$\mathrm{ ^{1}_{0}n}$}
\def\mypfeilA{%
\pscustom[fillstyle=gradient,gradend=white,gradbegin=NavyBlue!50,gradmidpoint=1,gradangle=90,linewidth=0.5pt]{%
\psline(0,0)(1,0.5)
\psline(1,0.5)(1,0.3)
\psline(1,0.3)(3,0.3)
\psline(3,0.3)(3,-0.3)
\psline(3,-0.3)(1,-0.3)
\psline(1,-0.5)(0,0)
}
}
\def\mypfeilB{%
\pscustom[fillstyle=gradient,gradend=white,gradbegin=NavyBlue!50,gradmidpoint=1,gradangle=90,linewidth=0.5pt]{%
\psline(0,0)(1,0.5)
\psline(1,0.5)(1,0.3)
\psline(1,0.3)(1.5,0.3)
\psline(1.5,0.3)(1.5,-0.3)
\psline(1.5,-0.3)(1,-0.3)
\psline(1,-0.5)(0,0)
}
}
\rput{90}(0,3.3){\psscalebox{0.35}{\mypfeilB}}
\uput{0.4cm}[0](0,3.5){\small lent}
\rput{-30}(-2.5,-0.2){\psscalebox{0.35}{\mypfeilA}}
\rput{30}(-2.5,-1.8){\psscalebox{0.35}{\mypfeilA}}
\rput{-150}(3,-0.2){\psscalebox{0.35}{\mypfeilA}}
\rput(-2.5,-1){\small rapide}
\rput(2.6,-1){\small rapide}
\rput(0,2){\AtomKernU}
\uput{1.2cm}[0](0,2){$\mathrm{ ^{235}_{\phantom{2}92}U}$}
\rput(-0.6,-1){\AtomKernNa}
\rput(0.8,-1){\AtomKernBa}
\rput(3.5,0){\Neutron}
\uput{0.4cm}[0](3.5,0){$\mathrm{ ^{1}_{0}n}$}
\rput(-3,0){\Neutron}
\uput{0.4cm}[180](-3,0){$\mathrm{ ^{1}_{0}n}$}
\rput(-3,-2){\Neutron}
\uput{0.4cm}[180](-3,-2){$\mathrm{ ^{1}_{0}n}$}
\rput(-1.7,-4){\AtomKernNa}
\uput{0.75cm}[180](-1.7,-4){$\mathrm{ ^{89}_{36}Kr}$}
\rput(1.9,-4){\AtomKernBa}
\uput{1cm}[0](1.9,-4){$\mathrm{ ^{144}_{\phantom{1}56}Ba}$}
%\psgrid
\end{pspicture}
\end{center}

\end{document}