Pignon-crémaillère : application 2 : locomotive à crémaillère

La suite de :
http://pstricks.blogspot.fr/2013/06/pignon-cremaillere-application-1.html

Une nouvelle application du package pst-rackpinion :

engrenages

Une locomotive à crémaillère :

Version 2 :

Le fichier permettant de générer les images pour l'animation sont dans le sous-dossier rackpinion :
version 1 : locomotive-v1.tex
version 2 : locomotive.tex

engrenages

Activité et défaut de masse illustrés par Gilg Jürgen

Le listing :

\documentclass[dvipsnames]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{pst-grad,pst-slpe,multido}
\SpecialCoor
\def\Kernradius{7.5pt}
\def\KernabstandHe{7.5pt}
\def\KernabstandA{7.5pt}
\def\KernabstandB{7.7pt}
\def\KernabstandCB{11.8pt}
\def\KernabstandCD{12.3pt}
\def\KernabstandC{12.5pt}
\def\KernabstandD{13.0pt}
\def\KernabstandE{20.5pt}
\def\KernabstandBaE{19.8pt}
\def\KernabstandEA{20.0pt}
\def\KernabstandF{24.0pt}
\def\KernabstandG{23.4pt}
\def\ColorProton{red}
\def\ColorNeutron{gray!20}

\newpsstyle{proton}{linecolor={[rgb]{0.72 0 0}},slopebegin=red!50,sloperadius=0.15,linewidth=0.1pt,slopecenter=0.65 0.6,linestyle=solid}
\newpsstyle{neutron}{linecolor=gray!50,slopebegin=white,sloperadius=0.11,linewidth=0.1pt,slopecenter=0.65 0.6,linestyle=solid}
\def\Proton{\psBall[style=proton](0,0){\ColorProton}{\Kernradius}}
\def\Neutron{\psBall[style=neutron](0,0){\ColorNeutron}{\Kernradius}}

\def\AtomKernU{%
%---------- 0. Ebene -------------------
\rput(\KernabstandG;108){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;144){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;180){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;216){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;252){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;288){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;324){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;0){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;36){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;72){\Proton}%
%---------- 1. Ebene -------------------
\rput(\KernabstandF;90){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;126){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;162){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;198){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;234){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;270){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;306){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;342){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;18){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;54){\Neutron}%
%------------ 2. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandE;73){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;145){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;107){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;180){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;215){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;290){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;253){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;36){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;1){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;325){\Proton}%
%------------ 3. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandD;225){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;282){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;327){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;171){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;104){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;36){\Proton}%
\rput(0;0){\Neutron}%
}%

\def\AtomKernRn{%
%---------- 0. Ebene -------------------
\rput(\KernabstandG;108){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;144){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;180){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;216){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;252){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;288){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;324){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;0){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;36){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;72){\Neutron}%
%---------- 1. Ebene -------------------
\rput(\KernabstandF;90){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;126){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;162){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;198){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;234){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;270){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;306){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;342){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;18){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;54){\Neutron}%
%------------ 2. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandE;73){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;145){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;107){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;180){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;215){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;290){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;253){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;36){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;1){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;325){\Proton}%
%------------ 3. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandD;225){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;282){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;327){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;171){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;104){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;36){\Neutron}%
\rput(0;0){\Proton}%
}%

\def\AtomKernHe{%
\multido{\iAngle=40+180}{2}{%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;\iAngle){\Proton}%
}%
\multido{\iAngle=130+180}{2}{%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;\iAngle){\Neutron}%
}%
}%


\definecolor{TextA}{rgb}{0.2,0.402,0.333}% Pfeile Medium Aquamarine


\begin{document}


\section*{Activit\'{e}}

\begin{center}
\begin{pspicture}(-6,-3)(5,4)
\def\stoppuhr{%
\psframe[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=black](-0.3,1.7)(0.3,1.85)
\psframe[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=black](-0.1,1.8)(0.1,2)
\psellipse[fillstyle=gradient,gradend=lightgray!70,gradbegin=lightgray!30,gradmidpoint=0.25,gradangle=0,linewidth=0.5pt](0,2.1)(0.25,0.1)
\psline[linewidth=0.5\pslinewidth](0,2.2)(0,2.1)
\psline[linewidth=0.5\pslinewidth](-0.05,2.195)(-0.075,2.1)
\psline[linewidth=0.5\pslinewidth](0.05,2.195)(0.075,2.1)
\psline[linewidth=0.5\pslinewidth](-0.1,2.185)(-0.135,2.1)
\psline[linewidth=0.5\pslinewidth](0.1,2.185)(0.135,2.1)
\pscircle[fillstyle=gradient,gradend=OliveGreen!70,gradbegin=OliveGreen!30,gradmidpoint=0.75,gradangle=90,linewidth=0.5pt](0,0){1.75}
\pscircle[fillstyle=gradient,gradend=NavyBlue!20,gradbegin=NavyBlue!5,gradmidpoint=0.75,gradangle=90,linewidth=0.5pt](0,0){1.5}
\multido{\rA=-6+12}{30}{%
\rput(1.4;\rA){\pscircle*[linecolor=black](0,0){0.05}}
}
\multido{\rB=30+60}{6}{%
\psline[linewidth=3pt](1.45;\rB)(1.2;\rB)
}
\pswedge[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=Goldenrod,linecolor=Goldenrod,opacity=0.85](0,0){1.175}{42}{90}
\psdot(0,0)
\psline(0,0)(1;42)
\uput{0.7cm}[90](0,0){\small 30}
\uput{0.7cm}[150](0,0){\small 25}
\uput{0.7cm}[210](0,0){\small 20}
\uput{0.7cm}[270](0,0){\small 15}
\uput{0.7cm}[330](0,0){\small 10}
\uput{0.7cm}[30](0,0){\small 5}
}

\rput(3,0){\stoppuhr}
\def\uran{%
\psscalebox{0.3}{%
\AtomKernU
}}
\def\helium{%
\psscalebox{0.3}{%
\AtomKernHe
}}
\psframe(-6,-3)(1,4)
\rput(-5,-2){\uran}
\rput(-4,-2.5){\helium}
\psline{->}(-4.6,-2.2)(-4.2,-2.4)
\rput(-4,0){\uran}
\rput(-3,0.5){\helium}
\psline{->}(-3.6,0.2)(-3.2,0.4)
\rput(0,1){\uran}
\rput(0,2){\helium}
\psline{->}(0,1.4)(0,1.8)
\psline{->}(-3.6,0.2)(-3.2,0.4)
\rput(-2,2){\uran}
\rput(-3,2.5){\helium}
\psline{->}(-2.4,2.2)(-2.8,2.4)
\rput(-5.2,3.4){\uran}
\rput(-4.5,1.5){\uran}
\rput(-5.4,0.4){\uran}
\rput(-4,3){\uran}
\rput(-1.5,-1){\uran}
\rput(0.5,-2.5){\uran}
\rput(-1.8,0.6){\uran}
\rput(-2.4,3.5){\uran}
\rput(-3,-1.5){\uran}
\rput(-0.25,-0.25){\uran}
\rput(0.2,3.2){\uran}
\rput(-1,-2){\uran}
\end{pspicture}
\end{center}
$\Delta n =4$ d\'{e}sint\'{e}grations en $\Delta t=4\,\mathrm{s}$
\[
A=\dfrac{\Delta n}{\Delta t}=1\,\mathrm{Bq}
\]
\section*{D\'{e}faut de masse}

\begin{center}
\begin{pspicture}(-4.75,-0.25)(4.75,5.5)
\pscustom[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=gray]{%
\psline(-1.5,0)(1.5,0)
\psline(1.5,0)(1.25,0.5)
\psline(1.25,0.5)(-1.25,0.5)
\closepath
}

\def\waagSchale{%
\psline(-1.4,0.1)(0,3)(1.4,0.1)
\psframe[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=OliveGreen](-1.5,0)(1.5,0.175)
}

\rput(-3,1.3){\waagSchale}
\rput(3,1.85){\waagSchale}

\rput{5}(0,4.6){%
\pscustom[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=OliveGreen]{%
\psline(-3.5,0)(3.5,0)
\psline(3.5,0)(3.5,0.1)
\psline(3.5,0.1)(0,0.55)
\psline(0,0.55)(-3.5,0.1)
\closepath
}
}
\pscustom[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=OliveGreen]{%
\psline(-0.35,0.5)(0.35,0.5)
\psline(0.35,0.5)(0.35,5)
\psarc(0,5){0.35}{0}{180}
\closepath
}
\rput(0,5){%
\pscustom[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=yellow]{%
\psarc(0,0){3.5}{250}{290}
\psline(3.5;290)(3;290)
\psarcn(0,0){3}{290}{250}
\closepath
}
\multido{\rA=250+2.5}{17}{%
\psline(3;\rA)(3.3;\rA)
}
\psdot(0,0)
\psline[linewidth=2.5pt]{->}(0,0)(3.25;275)
}
\rput(-3.9,1.78){\Proton}
\rput(-3.3,1.78){\Proton}
\rput(-2.7,1.78){\Neutron}
\rput(-2.1,1.78){\Neutron}
\rput(3,2.52){\AtomKernHe}
\rput(-3,0.9){$2\mathrm{p}^+ + 2\mathrm{n}$}
\rput(3,1.4){$\mathrm{ ^{4}_{2}He}$}
\end{pspicture}
\end{center}
\end{document}

Loi de décroissance radioactive : une variation de représentation par Thomas Söll

\documentclass[dvipsnames]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{pst-grad,pst-plot}

\begin{document}
\begin{center}
\begin{pspicture}(-2,-1)(10,11)
\def\radioakt{%
\psscalebox{0.0125}{%
\pscircle[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=yellow,linestyle=none](0,0){5}
\pswedge*(0,0){5}{0}{60}
\pswedge*(0,0){5}{120}{180}
\pswedge*(0,0){5}{240}{300}
\pscircle*[linecolor=yellow](0,0){1.5}
\pscircle*(0,0){1}
}}
\def\nichtradioakt{%
\pscircle*[linecolor=SeaGreen](0,0){0.0625}
}
\psframe[fillstyle=gradient,gradend=gray!30,gradbegin=gray!80,gradmidpoint=1,gradangle=45,linestyle=none](0,0)(7.5,10.2)
{\psset{fillstyle=gradient,gradend=white,gradbegin=NavyBlue!50,gradmidpoint=1,gradangle=90,linewidth=1pt,linecolor=NavyBlue}
\psframe(0.2,0)(1.3,10)
\psframe(1.7,0)(2.8,5)
\psframe(3.2,0)(4.3,2.5)
\psframe(4.7,0)(5.8,1.25)
\psframe(6.2,0)(7.3,0.625)
}
{\psset{fillstyle=gradient,gradend=white,gradbegin=SeaGreen!30,gradmidpoint=0,gradangle=90,linewidth=1pt,linecolor=NavyBlue}
\psframe(1.7,10)(2.8,5)
\psframe(3.2,10)(4.3,2.5)
\psframe(4.7,10)(5.8,1.25)
\psframe(6.2,10)(7.3,0.625)
}
\def\zufall{rand 301 mod 50 div round 50 div}
\rput(0.2,0){%
\multido{\i=0+1}{32}{%
\rput{! \zufall\space 777 mul}(! 0.12 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\radioakt}
\rput{! \zufall\space 777 mul}(! 0.35 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\radioakt}
\rput{! \zufall\space 777 mul}(! 0.625 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\radioakt}
\rput{! \zufall\space 777 mul}(! 0.88 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\radioakt}
}
}
\rput(1.7,0){%
\multido{\i=0+1}{16}{%
\rput{! \zufall\space 777 mul}(! 0.12 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\radioakt}
\rput{! \zufall\space 777 mul}(! 0.35 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\radioakt}
\rput{! \zufall\space 777 mul}(! 0.625 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\radioakt}
\rput{! \zufall\space 777 mul}(! 0.88 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\radioakt}
}
}
\rput(1.7,5){%
\multido{\i=0+1}{16}{%
\rput(! 0.12 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\nichtradioakt}
\rput(! 0.35 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\nichtradioakt}
\rput(! 0.625 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\nichtradioakt}
\rput(! 0.88 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\nichtradioakt}
}
}
\rput(3.2,0){%
\multido{\i=0+1}{8}{%
\rput{! \zufall\space 777 mul}(! 0.12 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\radioakt}
\rput{! \zufall\space 777 mul}(! 0.35 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\radioakt}
\rput{! \zufall\space 777 mul}(! 0.625 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\radioakt}
\rput{! \zufall\space 777 mul}(! 0.88 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\radioakt}
}
}
\rput(3.2,2.5){%
\multido{\i=0+1}{24}{%
\rput(! 0.12 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\nichtradioakt}
\rput(! 0.35 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\nichtradioakt}
\rput(! 0.625 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\nichtradioakt}
\rput(! 0.88 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\nichtradioakt}
}
}
\rput(4.7,0){%
\multido{\i=0+1}{4}{%
\rput{! \zufall\space 777 mul}(! 0.12 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\radioakt}
\rput{! \zufall\space 777 mul}(! 0.35 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\radioakt}
\rput{! \zufall\space 777 mul}(! 0.625 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\radioakt}
\rput{! \zufall\space 777 mul}(! 0.88 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\radioakt}
}
}
\rput(4.7,1.25){%
\multido{\i=0+1}{28}{%
\rput(! 0.12 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\nichtradioakt}
\rput(! 0.35 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\nichtradioakt}
\rput(! 0.625 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\nichtradioakt}
\rput(! 0.88 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\nichtradioakt}
}
}
\rput(6.2,0){%
\multido{\i=0+1}{2}{%
\rput{! \zufall\space 777 mul}(! 0.12 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\radioakt}
\rput{! \zufall\space 777 mul}(! 0.35 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\radioakt}
\rput{! \zufall\space 777 mul}(! 0.625 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\radioakt}
\rput{! \zufall\space 777 mul}(! 0.88 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\radioakt}
}
}
\rput(6.2,0.625){%
\multido{\i=0+1}{30}{%
\rput(! 0.12 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\nichtradioakt}
\rput(! 0.35 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\nichtradioakt}
\rput(! 0.625 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\nichtradioakt}
\rput(! 0.88 \zufall\space add \zufall\space \i\space 5 mul 16 div add 0.121 add){\nichtradioakt}
}
}
\psaxes[ticks=none,labels=none,arrowinset=0.05,arrowscale=1.6,arrowlength=1.8]{->}(0,0)(-0.5,-0.5)(9,10.7)
\psplot[linecolor=red,algebraic,linewidth=1.5pt]{0.75}{9}{10*0.5^(2*(x-0.75)/3)}
\uput[0](9,0){$t$}
\rput[l](0.2,10.7){Proportion d'atomes radioactifs}
\psxTick(0.75){\text{d\'{e}but}}
\psxTick(2.25){T_{1/2}}
\psxTick(3.75){2T_{1/2}}
\psxTick(5.25){3T_{1/2}}
\psxTick(6.75){4T_{1/2}}
\psyTick(10){100\,\%}
\psyTick(5){50\,\%}
\psyTick(2.5){25\,\%}
\psyTick(1.25){12,5\,\%}
\end{pspicture}
\end{center}
\end{document}

Symbole de la radioactivité et illustration de la loi de décroissance

Symbole de la radioactivité et illustration de la loi de décroissance, avec PSTricks, par Thomas Söll et Gilg Jürgen :

Le listing :

\documentclass[dvipsnames]{article}
\usepackage[a4paper]{geometry}
\usepackage{pst-plot}
\SpecialCoor
\begin{document}
\begin{center}
\begin{pspicture}(-2,-2)(2,2)
\pspolygon[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=yellow,linewidth=5\pslinewidth](2.875;-30)(2.875;90)(2.875;210)
\pswedge*(0,0){1.25}{0}{60}
\pswedge*(0,0){1.25}{120}{180}
\pswedge*(0,0){1.25}{240}{300}
\pscircle*[linecolor=yellow](0,0){0.375}
\pscircle*(0,0){0.25}
%%Radienverh\"{a}ltnis 1 : 1,5 : 5
\end{pspicture}

\begin{pspicture}(-2,-2)(2,2)
\psframe[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=yellow,linecolor=gray](-2,-2)(2,2)
\pswedge*(0,0){1.75}{0}{60}
\pswedge*(0,0){1.75}{120}{180}
\pswedge*(0,0){1.75}{240}{300}
\pscircle*[linecolor=yellow](0,0){0.5}
\pscircle*(0,0){0.35}
\end{pspicture}
\end{center}

\begin{center}
\begin{pspicture}(-2,-1)(12,11)
\def\radioakt{%
\pscircle[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=yellow,linestyle=none](0,0){0.125}
\pswedge*(0,0){0.125}{0}{60}
\pswedge*(0,0){0.125}{120}{180}
\pswedge*(0,0){0.125}{240}{300}
\pscircle*[linecolor=yellow](0,0){0.0375}
\pscircle*(0,0){0.025}
}
\def\nichtradioakt{%
\pscircle*[linecolor=SeaGreen](0,0){0.125}
}
\multido{\rA=0.25+0.5}{4}{%
\multido{\rB=0.27+0.635}{16}{%
\rput(\rA,\rB){\radioakt}
}}
\multido{\rA=2.25+0.5}{4}{%
\multido{\rB=0.27+0.635}{8}{%
\rput(\rA,\rB){\radioakt}
}}
\multido{\rA=2.25+0.5}{4}{%
\multido{\rB=5.35+0.635}{8}{%
\rput(\rA,\rB){\nichtradioakt}
}}
\multido{\rA=4.25+0.5}{4}{%
\multido{\rB=0.27+0.635}{4}{%
\rput(\rA,\rB){\radioakt}
}}
\multido{\rA=4.25+0.5}{4}{%
\multido{\rB=2.825+0.635}{12}{%
\rput(\rA,\rB){\nichtradioakt}
}}
\multido{\rA=6.25+0.5}{4}{%
\multido{\rB=0.27+0.635}{2}{%
\rput(\rA,\rB){\radioakt}
}}
\multido{\rA=6.25+0.5}{4}{%
\multido{\rB=1.55+0.635}{14}{%
\rput(\rA,\rB){\nichtradioakt}
}}
\psline(0,10)(2,10)(2,5)(4,5)(4,2.5)(6,2.5)(6,1.25)(8,1.25)(8,0)
\psaxes[ticks=none,labels=none]{->}(0,0)(-0.5,-0.5)(10,11)
\psplot[linecolor=red,algebraic,linewidth=1.5pt]{0}{10}{10*0.5^(0.5*x)}
\uput[0](10,0){$t$}
\psxTick(2){T_{1/2}}
\psxTick(4){2T_{1/2}}
\psxTick(6){3T_{1/2}}
\psxTick(8){4T_{1/2}}
\psyTick(10){100\,\%}
\psyTick(5){50\,\%}
\psyTick(2.5){25\,\%}
\psyTick(1.25){12,5\,\%}
\end{pspicture}
\end{center}
\end{document}

Principe d'un stylo-dosimètre

Principe d'un stylo-dosimètre, dessiné avec PSTricks, par Thomas Söll et Gilg Jürgen :

Les fichiers (dosimetre.pdf dosimetre.tex) sont dans le répertoire :

Thomas.Soell

ou :

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pst-grad,multido}
\SpecialCoor
\begin{document}
\definecolor{LinsenF}{rgb}{0.529,0.808,0.98}
\psset{unit=0.75}
\begin{center}
\begin{pspicture}(-11.5,-6)(6,5.5)
\psframe(-11.5,-6)(7,5.5)
\rput(-6.5,0){%
\begin{psclip}{\pscircle[linewidth=2pt,fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=LinsenF!50](0,0){4.75}}\psline[linecolor=gray](-2.3,-4)(-2.3,4)
\end{psclip}
\rput(0,1.25){\Large $\mu$Sv}
\uput[0](-2.3,-3){Image du fil de quartz}
\multido{\rA=-4+0.4}{21}{%
\psline(\rA,-0.15)(\rA,0.15)
}
\multido{\rB=-4+2}{5}{%
\psline[linewidth=1pt](\rB,-0.25)(\rB,0.25)
}
\uput[90](-4,0.25){0}
\uput[90](-2,0.25){50}
\uput[90](0,0.25){100}
\uput[90](2,0.25){150}
\uput[90](4,0.25){200}
}
%% Geh\"{a}use
\pspolygon*(-0.5,5.2)(-0.7,5.2)(-0.7,4.75)(-0.8,4.75)(-0.8,3.4)(-0.7,3.4)(-0.7,-5.5)(-0.3,-5.5)(-0.3,-5.2)(-0.5,-5.2)
\pspolygon*(0.5,5.2)(0.7,5.2)(0.7,4.75)(0.8,4.75)(0.8,3.4)(0.7,3.4)(0.7,-5.5)(0.3,-5.5)(0.3,-5.2)(0.5,-5.2)
\pscurve[linewidth=3pt](0.75,4.7)(1.1,5.3)(1.3,5)(0.85,2)
\psline[linewidth=1pt](-0.7,5.2)(0.7,5.2)
\psline[linewidth=1pt](-0.7,-5.5)(0.7,-5.5)
%% Optik
\pspolygon[linejoin=1,fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=gray](-0.5,5.2)(-0.5,2.8)(-0.35,2.8)(-0.35,1.2)(-0.2,1.2)(-0.2,3)(-0.3,3)(-0.3,4.75)
\pspolygon[linejoin=1,fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=gray](0.5,5.2)(0.5,2.8)(0.35,2.8)(0.35,1.2)(0.2,1.2)(0.2,3)(0.3,3)(0.3,4.75)
\psellipse[fillstyle=gradient,gradbegin=white,gradend=LinsenF,gradmidpoint=0.5,gradangle=2](0,4.65)(0.3,0.1)
\psellipse[fillstyle=gradient,gradbegin=white,gradend=LinsenF,gradmidpoint=0.5,gradangle=2](0,1.2)(0.2,0.1)
\psline[linewidth=1pt](-0.3,3.15)(0.3,3.15)
\psline(-0.2,3)(0.2,3)
%%Federbalg
\psline(-0.2,-5)(-0.3,-4.8)(-0.2,-4.7)(-0.3,-4.6)(-0.2,-4.5)(-0.3,-4.4)(-0.2,-4.3)(-0.25,-4.2)
\psframe(-0.25,-4.2)(0.25,-3.9)
\psline(0.2,-5)(0.3,-4.8)(0.2,-4.7)(0.3,-4.6)(0.2,-4.5)(0.3,-4.4)(0.2,-4.3)(0.25,-4.2)
\psline(-0.2,-5)(0.2,-5)
\psframe[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=gray](-0.5,-5.2)(0.5,-5)
\psframe[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=white](-0.25,-5.2)(0.25,-5)
\psline[linewidth=2pt](0,-5)(0,-3.75)
%%Ionisationskammer
\psline(-0.5,-3.8)(0.5,-3.8)
\pscustom[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=gray]{%
\psline(-0.1,0.8)(-0.1,0.5)
\psarc(-0.1,0.25){0.25}{90}{180}
\psline(-0.35,0.25)(-0.35,-3.8)
\psline(-0.5,-3.8)(-0.5,0.8)
\psline(-0.5,0.8)(-0.1,0.8)
}
\pscustom[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=gray]{%
\psline(0.1,0.8)(0.1,0.5)
\psarcn(0.1,0.25){0.25}{90}{0}
\psline(0.35,0.25)(0.35,-3.8)
\psline(0.5,-3.8)(0.5,0.8)
\psline(0.5,0.8)(0.1,0.8)
}
\pscurve[linewidth=1.5pt](0.2,-0.2)(0.15,-1.2)(0,-3.6)
\pscurve[linewidth=1.5pt](0.2,-0.2)(0.3,0.2)(0.1,0.3)(-0.2,-0.8)
\psline[linewidth=1.5pt](0,-3.6)(-0.25,-3.6)
\psframe[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=white](-0.45,-0.8)(0.45,-1.75)

\rput[l](2,4.7){Oculaire}
\rput[l](2,3.1){R\'{e}ticule gradu\'{e}}
\rput[l](2,2.3){Optique}
\rput[l](2,1.2){Objectif}
\rput[l](2,0.4){Fil de Quartz}
\rput[l](2,-0.3){Chambre d'ionisation}
\rput[l](2,-1.3){Isolant}
\rput[l](2,-2.5){Chambre d'ionisation}
\rput[l](2,-4.5){Soufflet de chargement}
%\psgrid
\end{pspicture}
\end{center}
\end{document}

Les différents types de désintégration nucléaire

Les différents types de désintégration nucléaire, dessinés avec PSTricks, par Thomas Söll et Gilg Jürgen.

émission α

émission β-

émission β+

rayonnement γ

Les fichiers (desintegrations.pdf desintegrations.tex) sont dans l'archive :

Thomas.Soell

ou :

\documentclass[dvipsnames]{article}
\usepackage{pst-slpe,pst-plot}
\SpecialCoor
\begin{document}
\def\Kernradius{7.5pt}
\def\KernabstandHe{7.5pt}
\def\KernabstandA{7.5pt}
\def\KernabstandB{7.7pt}
\def\KernabstandCB{11.8pt}
\def\KernabstandCD{12.3pt}
\def\KernabstandC{12.5pt}
\def\KernabstandD{13.0pt}
\def\KernabstandE{20.5pt}
\def\KernabstandBaE{19.8pt}
\def\KernabstandEA{20.0pt}
\def\KernabstandF{24.0pt}
\def\KernabstandG{23.4pt}
\def\ColorProton{red}
\def\ColorNeutron{gray!20}


\newpsstyle{proton}{linecolor={[rgb]{0.72 0 0}},slopebegin=red!50,sloperadius=0.15,linewidth=0.1pt,slopecenter=0.65 0.6,linestyle=solid}
\newpsstyle{neutron}{linecolor=gray!50,slopebegin=white,sloperadius=0.11,linewidth=0.1pt,slopecenter=0.65 0.6,linestyle=solid}

\def\Proton{\psBall[style=proton](0,0){\ColorProton}{\Kernradius}}
\def\Neutron{\psBall[style=neutron](0,0){\ColorNeutron}{\Kernradius}}


\def\AtomKernU{%
%---------- 0. Ebene -------------------
\rput(\KernabstandG;108){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;144){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;180){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;216){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;252){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;288){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;324){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;0){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;36){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;72){\Proton}%
%---------- 1. Ebene -------------------
\rput(\KernabstandF;90){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;126){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;162){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;198){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;234){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;270){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;306){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;342){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;18){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;54){\Neutron}%
%------------ 2. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandE;73){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;145){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;107){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;180){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;215){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;290){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;253){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;36){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;1){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;325){\Proton}%
%------------ 3. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandD;225){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;282){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;327){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;171){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;104){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;36){\Proton}%
\rput(0;0){\Neutron}%
}%


\def\AtomKernRn{%
%---------- 0. Ebene -------------------
\rput(\KernabstandG;108){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;144){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;180){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;216){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;252){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;288){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;324){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;0){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;36){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;72){\Neutron}%
%---------- 1. Ebene -------------------
\rput(\KernabstandF;90){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;126){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;162){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;198){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;234){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;270){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;306){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;342){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;18){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;54){\Neutron}%
%------------ 2. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandE;73){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;145){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;107){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;180){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;215){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;290){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;253){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;36){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;1){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;325){\Proton}%
%------------ 3. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandD;225){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;282){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;327){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;171){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;104){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;36){\Neutron}%
\rput(0;0){\Proton}%
}%


\def\AtomKernF{%
%------------ 1. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandCB;10){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;70){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;135){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;180){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;255){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;330){\Proton}%
%------------ 2. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandCD;97){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;152){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;222){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;295){\Neutron}%
\rput(9pt;348){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;40){\Proton}%
\rput(0;0){\Neutron}%
}%

\def\AtomKernKr{%
%------------ 1. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandCD;0){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;70){\Proton}%
%\rput(\KernabstandCD;305){\Proton}%
%\rput(\KernabstandCD;250){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;195){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;135){\Neutron}%
%------------ 2. Ebene ------------------
%\rput(\KernabstandCD;282){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;225){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;327){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;104){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;165){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;36){\Neutron}%
\rput(0;0){\Proton}%
}%

\def\AtomKernNa{%
%------------ 1. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandCD;0){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;70){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;305){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;250){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;195){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;135){\Neutron}%
%------------ 2. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandCD;282){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;225){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;327){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;104){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;165){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;36){\Neutron}%
\rput(0;0){\Proton}%
}%

\def\AtomKernBa{%
%---------- 1. Ebene -------------------
\rput(\KernabstandEA;90){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;126){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;162){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;198){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;234){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;270){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;306){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;342){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;18){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;54){\Proton}%
%------------ 2. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;73){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;145){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;107){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;180){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;215){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;290){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;253){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;36){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;1){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;325){\Proton}%
%------------ 3. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandC;225){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;282){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;327){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;171){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;104){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;36){\Neutron}%
\rput(0;0){\Proton}%
}%

\def\AtomKernLi{%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;0){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;135){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;70){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;220){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;295){\Proton}%
\rput(0;0){\Neutron}%
}%


\def\AtomKernB{%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;45){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;135){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;315){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandB;225){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;180){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;0){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;270){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;90){\Neutron}%
}%

\def\AtomKernHe{%
\multido{\iAngle=40+180}{2}{%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;\iAngle){\Proton}%
}%
\multido{\iAngle=130+180}{2}{%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;\iAngle){\Neutron}%
}%
}%

\def\AtomKernBe{%
\multido{\iAngle=60+120}{3}{%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;\iAngle){\Neutron}%
}%
\multido{\iAngle=0+120}{3}{%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;\iAngle){\Proton}%
}%
\rput(0,0){\Neutron}%
}%

\def\AtomKernC{%
\rput(\KernabstandA;100){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;55){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;190){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;280){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;-35){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;10){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;-125){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;155){\Neutron}%
\rput(0,0){\Proton}%
}%


\def\AtomKernCN{%
\rput(\KernabstandA;100){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;10){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;55){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;190){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;280){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;-35){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;-125){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;155){\Neutron}%
\rput(0,0){\Proton}%
}%

\def\AtomKernO{%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;-10){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;-100){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;50){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;120){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;185){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;290){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;20){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;80){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;145){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;-40){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;220){\Neutron}%
\rput(0,0){\Neutron}
}%


\def\AtomKernNe{%
\multido{\iAngle=-40+60}{3}{%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;\iAngle){\Proton}%
}%
\multido{\iAngle=140+60}{3}{%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;\iAngle){\Neutron}%
}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;170){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;230){\Neutron}%
\multido{\iAngle=-10+60}{3}{%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;\iAngle){\Neutron}%
}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;-70){\Proton}
\rput(0,0){\Proton}
}%


\section*{D\'{e}sint\'{e}gration-$\alpha$}

\begin{center}

\begin{pspicture}(-4,-4)(4,3)

\rput(-1.5,-1.5){\AtomKernRn}
\uput{1.2cm}[180](-1.5,-1.5){$\mathrm{ ^{226}_{\phantom{2}88}Ra}$}


\rput(1.5,1.5){\AtomKernRn}
\uput{1.2cm}[0](1.5,1.5){$\mathrm{ ^{222}_{\phantom{2}86}Rn}$}

\rput(2,-3){\AtomKernHe}
\uput{0.5cm}[0](2,-3){$\mathrm{ ^{4}_{2}He}$}

\psline[linewidth=2pt]{->}(-0.4,-0.4)(0.4,0.4)

\def\fast{%
\psline(-0.25,0.1)(0.5,0.1)
\psline(-0.5,0.05)(0.25,0.05)
\psline(-0.5,0)(0.25,0)
\psline(-0.25,-0.05)(0.5,-0.05)
}

\rput{-22}(0.7,-2.4){\fast}
%\psgrid
\end{pspicture}
\end{center}

\section*{D\'{e}sint\'{e}gration-$\beta^-$}

\begin{center}

\begin{pspicture}(-4,-4)(4,3)

\rput(-1.5,-1.5){\AtomKernBa}
\uput{1.1cm}[180](-1.5,-1.5){$\mathrm{ ^{137}_{\phantom{2}55}Cs}$}


\rput(1.5,1.5){\AtomKernBa}
\uput{1.1cm}[0](1.5,1.5){$\mathrm{ ^{137}_{\phantom{2}56}Ba}$}



\newpsstyle{elektron}{linecolor=NavyBlue!80,slopebegin=NavyBlue!80,slopeend=NavyBlue!30,sloperadius=0.25,linewidth=0.1pt,slopecenter=0.65 0.6,linestyle=solid}
\def\Elektron{%
\psBall[style=elektron](0,0){NavyBlue}{0.15cm}
}

\rput(-0.8,-3.8){\Elektron}
\uput{0.25cm}[0](-0.8,-3.8){e$^-$}

\psline[linewidth=2pt]{->}(-0.4,-0.4)(0.4,0.4)

\def\fast{%
\psline(-0.25,0.1)(0.5,0.1)
\psline(-0.5,0.05)(0.25,0.05)
\psline(-0.5,0)(0.25,0)
\psline(-0.25,-0.05)(0.5,-0.05)
}

\rput{-80}(-1,-3){\fast}

\psline[linewidth=2pt](0.5,-1.5)(0.5,-4)

\rput(1.5,-3){\Neutron}
\uput{0.4cm}[180](1.5,-3){$\mathrm{ ^{1}_{0}n}$}
\psline{->}(2,-3)(2.6,-3)
\psline{->}(1.8,-2.7)(2.5,-2.2)
\rput(3,-3){\Elektron}
\uput{0.25cm}[0](3,-3){e$^-$}

\rput(3,-2){\Proton}
\uput{0.4cm}[0](3,-2){$\mathrm{ ^{1}_{1}p}$}
%\psgrid
\end{pspicture}
\end{center}


\section*{D\'{e}sint\'{e}gration-$\beta^+$}
\begin{center}
\begin{pspicture}(-4,-4)(4,3)
\rput(-1.5,-1.5){\AtomKernNa}
\uput{0.8cm}[180](-1.5,-1.5){$\mathrm{ ^{22}_{11}Na}$}
\rput(1.5,1.5){\AtomKernNa}
\uput{0.8cm}[0](1.5,1.5){$\mathrm{ ^{22}_{10}Ne}$}
\newpsstyle{elektron}{linecolor=NavyBlue!80,slopebegin=NavyBlue!80,slopeend=NavyBlue!30,sloperadius=0.25,linewidth=0.1pt,slopecenter=0.65 0.6,linestyle=solid}
\def\Elektron{%
\psBall[style=elektron](0,0){NavyBlue}{0.15cm}
}
\rput(-0.8,-3.8){\Elektron}
\uput{0.25cm}[0](-0.8,-3.8){e$^+$}
\psline[linewidth=2pt]{->}(-0.4,-0.4)(0.4,0.4)
\def\fast{%
\psline(-0.25,0.1)(0.5,0.1)
\psline(-0.5,0.05)(0.25,0.05)
\psline(-0.5,0)(0.25,0)
\psline(-0.25,-0.05)(0.5,-0.05)
}
\rput{-80}(-1,-3){\fast}
\psline[linewidth=2pt](0.5,-1.5)(0.5,-4)
\rput(1.5,-3){\Proton}
\uput{0.4cm}[180](1.5,-3){$\mathrm{ ^{1}_{1}p}$}
\psline{->}(2,-3)(2.6,-3)
\psline{->}(1.8,-2.7)(2.5,-2.2)
\rput(3,-3){\Elektron}
\uput{0.25cm}[0](3,-3){e$^+$}
\rput(3,-2){\Neutron}
\uput{0.4cm}[0](3,-2){$\mathrm{ ^{1}_{0}n}$}
%\psgrid
\end{pspicture}
\end{center}

\newpage

\section*{Rayonnement-$\gamma$}

\begin{center}
\begin{pspicture}(-4,-4)(4,3)
\rput(-1.5,-1.5){\AtomKernBa}
\uput{1.1cm}[180](-1.5,-1.5){$\mathrm{ ^{137}_{\phantom{2}56}Ba}^*$}
\rput(1.5,1.5){\AtomKernBa}
\uput{1.1cm}[0](1.5,1.5){$\mathrm{ ^{137}_{\phantom{2}56}Ba}$}
\psline[linewidth=2pt]{->}(-0.4,-0.4)(0.4,0.4)
\rput{-45}(-0.6,-2.4){%
\psscalebox{0.5}{
\psplot[linecolor=NavyBlue,linewidth=1.0pt,plotpoints=1200]%
     {-0.065}{3.1}{x 180 mul 3.141592654 div sin x 15 mul 180 mul 3.141592654 div cos mul}
  \psline[linecolor=NavyBlue,linewidth=1.0pt,arrowsize=0.25,arrowinset=0.07]{->}(3.08,-0.036)(3.5,-0.036)
}}
\rput(1.5,-3.6){\textcolor{NavyBlue}{$\gamma$-Quant}}
\end{pspicture}
\end{center}
\end{document}

Principe de la fission nucléaire, dessiné avec PSTricks, par Thomas Söll et Gilg Jürgen

Les fichiers (fission.pdf fission.tex) sont inclus dans l'archive :

Thomas.Soell

ou

\documentclass[dvipsnames]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}
\usepackage{pst-slpe,pst-grad}
\usepackage[a4paper,margin=2cm]{geometry}
\SpecialCoor
\begin{document}
%Fission
\begin{center}
\def\Kernradius{7.5pt}
\def\KernabstandHe{7.5pt}
\def\KernabstandA{7.5pt}
\def\KernabstandB{7.7pt}
\def\KernabstandCB{11.8pt}
\def\KernabstandCD{12.3pt}
\def\KernabstandC{12.5pt}
\def\KernabstandD{13.0pt}
\def\KernabstandE{20.5pt}
\def\KernabstandBaE{19.8pt}
\def\KernabstandEA{20.0pt}
\def\KernabstandF{24.0pt}
\def\KernabstandG{23.4pt}
\def\ColorProton{red}
\def\ColorNeutron{gray!20}
\newpsstyle{proton}{linecolor={[rgb]{0.72 0 0}},slopebegin=red!50,sloperadius=0.15,linewidth=0.1pt,slopecenter=0.65 0.6,linestyle=solid}
\newpsstyle{neutron}{linecolor=gray!50,slopebegin=white,sloperadius=0.11,linewidth=0.1pt,slopecenter=0.65 0.6,linestyle=solid}
\def\Proton{\psBall[style=proton](0,0){\ColorProton}{\Kernradius}}
\def\Neutron{\psBall[style=neutron](0,0){\ColorNeutron}{\Kernradius}}
\def\AtomKernU{%
%---------- 0. Ebene -------------------
\rput(\KernabstandG;108){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;144){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;180){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;216){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;252){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;288){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;324){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;0){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;36){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;72){\Proton}%
%---------- 1. Ebene -------------------
\rput(\KernabstandF;90){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;126){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;162){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;198){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;234){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;270){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;306){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;342){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;18){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;54){\Neutron}%
%------------ 2. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandE;73){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;145){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;107){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;180){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;215){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;290){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;253){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;36){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;1){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;325){\Proton}%
%------------ 3. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandD;225){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;282){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;327){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;171){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;104){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;36){\Proton}%
\rput(0;0){\Neutron}%
}%
\def\AtomKernRn{%
%---------- 0. Ebene -------------------
\rput(\KernabstandG;108){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;144){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;180){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;216){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;252){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;288){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;324){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;0){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;36){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandG;72){\Neutron}%
%---------- 1. Ebene -------------------
\rput(\KernabstandF;90){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;126){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;162){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;198){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;234){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;270){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;306){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;342){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;18){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandF;54){\Neutron}%
%------------ 2. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandE;73){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;145){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;107){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;180){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;215){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;290){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;253){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;36){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;1){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandE;325){\Proton}%
%------------ 3. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandD;225){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;282){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;327){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;171){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;104){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandC;36){\Neutron}%
\rput(0;0){\Proton}%
}%
\def\AtomKernF{%
%------------ 1. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandCB;10){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;70){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;135){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;180){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;255){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;330){\Proton}%
%------------ 2. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandCD;97){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;152){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;222){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;295){\Neutron}%
\rput(9pt;348){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;40){\Proton}%
\rput(0;0){\Neutron}%
}%
\def\AtomKernKr{%
%------------ 1. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandCD;0){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;70){\Proton}%
%\rput(\KernabstandCD;305){\Proton}%
%\rput(\KernabstandCD;250){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;195){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;135){\Neutron}%
%------------ 2. Ebene ------------------
%\rput(\KernabstandCD;282){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;225){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;327){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;104){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;165){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;36){\Neutron}%
\rput(0;0){\Proton}%
}%
\def\AtomKernNa{%
%------------ 1. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandCD;0){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;70){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;305){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;250){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;195){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;135){\Neutron}%
%------------ 2. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandCD;282){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;225){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;327){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;104){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;165){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;36){\Neutron}%
\rput(0;0){\Proton}%
}%
\def\AtomKernBa{%
%---------- 1. Ebene -------------------
\rput(\KernabstandEA;90){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;126){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;162){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;198){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;234){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;270){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;306){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;342){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;18){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandEA;54){\Proton}%
%------------ 2. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;73){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;145){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;107){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;180){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;215){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;290){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;253){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;36){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;1){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandBaE;325){\Proton}%
%------------ 3. Ebene ------------------
\rput(\KernabstandC;225){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;282){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;327){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;171){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;104){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCD;36){\Neutron}%
\rput(0;0){\Proton}%
}%
\def\AtomKernLi{%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;0){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;135){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;70){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;220){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;295){\Proton}%
\rput(0;0){\Neutron}%
}%
\def\AtomKernB{%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;45){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;135){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;315){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandB;225){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;180){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;0){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;270){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;90){\Neutron}%
}%
\def\AtomKernHe{%
\multido{\iAngle=40+180}{2}{%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;\iAngle){\Proton}%
}%
\multido{\iAngle=130+180}{2}{%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;\iAngle){\Neutron}%
}%
}%
\def\AtomKernBe{%
\multido{\iAngle=60+120}{3}{%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;\iAngle){\Neutron}%
}%
\multido{\iAngle=0+120}{3}{%
\rput(\KernabstandHe;\iAngle){\Proton}%
}%
\rput(0,0){\Neutron}%
}%
\def\AtomKernC{%
\rput(\KernabstandA;100){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;55){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;190){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;280){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;-35){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;10){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;-125){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;155){\Neutron}%
\rput(0,0){\Proton}%
}%
\def\AtomKernCN{%
\rput(\KernabstandA;100){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;10){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;55){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;190){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;280){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;-35){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;-125){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandA;155){\Neutron}%
\rput(0,0){\Proton}%
}%
\def\AtomKernO{%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;-10){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;-100){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;50){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;120){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;185){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;290){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;20){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;80){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;145){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;-40){\Proton}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;220){\Neutron}%
\rput(0,0){\Neutron}
}%
\def\AtomKernNe{%
\multido{\iAngle=-40+60}{3}{%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;\iAngle){\Proton}%
}%
\multido{\iAngle=140+60}{3}{%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;\iAngle){\Neutron}%
}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;170){\Neutron}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;230){\Neutron}%
\multido{\iAngle=-10+60}{3}{%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;\iAngle){\Neutron}%
}%
\rput(\KernabstandCB;-70){\Proton}
\rput(0,0){\Proton}
}%
\begin{pspicture}(-4,-5.5)(4.5,5)
\rput(0,4.5){\Neutron}
\uput{0.4cm}[0](0,4.5){$\mathrm{ ^{1}_{0}n}$}
\def\mypfeilA{%
\pscustom[fillstyle=gradient,gradend=white,gradbegin=NavyBlue!50,gradmidpoint=1,gradangle=90,linewidth=0.5pt]{%
\psline(0,0)(1,0.5)
\psline(1,0.5)(1,0.3)
\psline(1,0.3)(3,0.3)
\psline(3,0.3)(3,-0.3)
\psline(3,-0.3)(1,-0.3)
\psline(1,-0.5)(0,0)
}
}
\def\mypfeilB{%
\pscustom[fillstyle=gradient,gradend=white,gradbegin=NavyBlue!50,gradmidpoint=1,gradangle=90,linewidth=0.5pt]{%
\psline(0,0)(1,0.5)
\psline(1,0.5)(1,0.3)
\psline(1,0.3)(1.5,0.3)
\psline(1.5,0.3)(1.5,-0.3)
\psline(1.5,-0.3)(1,-0.3)
\psline(1,-0.5)(0,0)
}
}
\rput{90}(0,3.3){\psscalebox{0.35}{\mypfeilB}}
\uput{0.4cm}[0](0,3.5){\small lent}
\rput{-30}(-2.5,-0.2){\psscalebox{0.35}{\mypfeilA}}
\rput{30}(-2.5,-1.8){\psscalebox{0.35}{\mypfeilA}}
\rput{-150}(3,-0.2){\psscalebox{0.35}{\mypfeilA}}
\rput(-2.5,-1){\small rapide}
\rput(2.6,-1){\small rapide}
\rput(0,2){\AtomKernU}
\uput{1.2cm}[0](0,2){$\mathrm{ ^{235}_{\phantom{2}92}U}$}
\rput(-0.6,-1){\AtomKernNa}
\rput(0.8,-1){\AtomKernBa}
\rput(3.5,0){\Neutron}
\uput{0.4cm}[0](3.5,0){$\mathrm{ ^{1}_{0}n}$}
\rput(-3,0){\Neutron}
\uput{0.4cm}[180](-3,0){$\mathrm{ ^{1}_{0}n}$}
\rput(-3,-2){\Neutron}
\uput{0.4cm}[180](-3,-2){$\mathrm{ ^{1}_{0}n}$}
\rput(-1.7,-4){\AtomKernNa}
\uput{0.75cm}[180](-1.7,-4){$\mathrm{ ^{89}_{36}Kr}$}
\rput(1.9,-4){\AtomKernBa}
\uput{1cm}[0](1.9,-4){$\mathrm{ ^{144}_{\phantom{1}56}Ba}$}
%\psgrid
\end{pspicture}
\end{center}

\end{document}

Principe de la diffraction des rayons X par un cristal de LiF, dessiné par Thomas Söll et Gilg Jürgen

Principe de la diffraction des rayons X par un cristal de LiF, dessiné en 3D avec PSTricks, par Thomas Söll et Gilg Jürgen.

Les fichiers (diffractionX.pdf  diffractionX.tex) sont inclus dans l'archive :

Thomas.Soell

ou :

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}
\usepackage{pst-slpe,pst-eucl,pstricks-add,pst-solides3d}
\usepackage[a4paper,margin=2cm]{geometry}
\begin{document}
% Principe de la diffraction des rayons X par un cristal de LiF
\begin{pspicture}[showgrid=false](-3,-4)(13,8)
\def\FM{\psBall[linecolor=blue!50,slopebegin=blue!20,sloperadius=0.25,linewidth=0.1pt,slopecenter=0.65 0.6,linestyle=solid](0,0){blue}{8pt}}
\def\LiP{\psBall[linecolor=black!60,slopebegin=gray!10,sloperadius=0.13,linewidth=0.1pt,slopecenter=0.65 0.6,linestyle=solid](0,0){black!80}{4.57pt}}
\psset{viewpoint=100 32 32,Decran=100,lightsrc=viewpoint}
\psPoint(0,0,0){A00}
\psPoint(0,4,0){A01}
\psPoint(0,8,0){A02}
\psPoint(4,0,0){A10}
\psPoint(8,0,0){A20}
\psPoint(4,4,0){A11}
\psPoint(4,8,0){A12}
\psPoint(8,4,0){A21}
\psPoint(8,8,0){A22}
\psPoint(0,0,4){B00}
\psPoint(0,4,4){B01}
\psPoint(0,8,4){B02}
\psPoint(4,0,4){B10}
\psPoint(8,0,4){B20}
\psPoint(4,4,4){B11}
\psPoint(4,8,4){B12}
\psPoint(8,4,4){B21}
\psPoint(8,8,4){B22}
\psPoint(0,0,8){C00}
\psPoint(0,4,8){C01}
\psPoint(0,8,8){C02}
\psPoint(4,0,8){C10}
\psPoint(8,0,8){C20}
\psPoint(4,4,8){C11}
\psPoint(4,8,8){C12}
\psPoint(8,4,8){C21}
\psPoint(8,8,8){C22}
{\psset{linewidth=0.5pt}
\psline(A00)(A02)
\psline(A00)(A20)
\psline(A00)(C00)
\psline(A10)(A12)
\psline(A10)(C10)
\psline(A20)(A22)
\psline(A20)(C20)
\psline(A02)(C02)
\psline(A10)(C10)
\psline(A11)(C11)
\psline(A01)(C01)
\psline(A01)(A21)
\psline(A02)(A22)
\psline(B00)(B02)
\psline(B00)(B20)
\psline(B10)(B12)
\psline(B01)(B21)
\psline(B02)(B22)
}
\rput(A00){\LiP}
\rput(B01){\LiP}
\rput(B10){\LiP}
\rput(B00){\FM}
\pspolygon[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=green!30,opacity=0.5,linestyle=none](A01)(A21)(C20)(C00)
\psline(A21)(C20)(C00)
\rput(B11){\FM}
\rput(A01){\FM}
\psPoint(4,12,10){R1}
\psLNode(C10)(A11){0.75}{N1}
\rput(N1){\psdot}
\pstInterLL[PointSymbol=none,PointName=none]{R1}{N1}{C11}{A12}{S1}
\pstRotation[RotAngle=-22,PointSymbol=none,PointName={\text{normale}}]{N1}{R1}[M]
\pstInterLL[PointSymbol=none,PointName=none]{M}{N1}{C11}{A12}{S2}
\pstRotation[RotAngle=-44,PointSymbol=none,PointName=none]{N1}{R1}[R2]
\pstInterLL[PointSymbol=none,PointName=none]{R2}{N1}{C11}{A12}{S3}
\pstTranslation[PointSymbol=none,PointName=none]{N1}{R1}{S2}[R3]
\pstTranslation[PointSymbol=none,PointName=none]{N1}{R2}{S2}[R4]
\psline[linecolor=cyan,linestyle=dashed,dash=4pt 2pt](S2)(N1)
\psline[linecolor=red,ArrowInside=->,ArrowInsidePos=0.5,arrowinset=0.05,arrowscale=1.5,arrowlength=1.6](S1)(N1)
\psline[linecolor=red,ArrowInside=->,ArrowInsidePos=0.5,arrowinset=0.05,arrowscale=1.5,arrowlength=1.6](N1)(S3)
\pstMarkAngle[MarkAngleRadius=1.6,arrows=<->,arrowinset=0.05,arrowscale=1.3,arrowlength=1.4]{S2}{N1}{S1}{}
\uput{1.1}[30](N1){$\alpha$}
\pstMarkAngle[MarkAngleRadius=1.7,arrows=<->,arrowinset=0.05,arrowscale=1.3,arrowlength=1.4]{S3}{N1}{S2}{}
\uput{1.1}[5](N1){$\alpha$}
\pspolygon[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=green!30,opacity=0.5,linestyle=none](A02)(A22)(C21)(C01)
\psline(A22)(C21)(C01)
\pstInterLL[PointSymbol=none,PointName=none]{B10}{B12}{C11}{A12}{S8}
{\psset{linewidth=0.5pt}
\pcline[nodesepB=8pt](A11)(B11)
\psline(B12)(S8)
\psline(B20)(B22)
\psline(A21)(C21)
\psline(A12)(C12)
\psline(A22)(C22)
\psline(C02)(C22)
\psline(C20)(C22)
\psline(C00)(C02)
\psline(C00)(C20)
\psline(C10)(C12)
\psline(C01)(C21)
}
\rput(A20){\LiP}
\rput(A11){\LiP}
\rput(A02){\LiP}
\rput(A22){\LiP}
\rput(C00){\LiP}
\rput(C20){\LiP}
\rput(C11){\LiP}
\rput(C02){\LiP}
\rput(C22){\LiP}
\rput(B12){\LiP}
\rput(B21){\LiP}
\rput(A12){\FM}
\rput(A21){\FM}
\rput(A10){\FM}
\rput(B20){\FM}
\rput(B02){\FM}
\rput(B22){\FM}
\rput(C12){\FM}
\rput(C21){\FM}
\rput(C10){\FM}
\rput(C01){\FM}
\uput{8pt}[-90]{0}(A20){$\text{Li}^{+}$}
\uput{11pt}[-90]{0}(A21){$\text{F}^{-}$}
\psLNode(C21)(A22){0.2}{D1}
\pstProjection[PointSymbol=none]{C20}{A21}{D1}[D2]
\pcline[arrowinset=0.05,arrowscale=1.8,arrowlength=1.8]{<->}(D2)(D1)
\naput[nrot=:U,labelsep=2pt]{$d$}
\pstRightAngle[RightAngleType=german,RightAngleSize=0.5]{D1}{D2}{C20}
\pstRightAngle[RightAngleType=german,RightAngleSize=0.5]{C21}{D1}{D2}
\rput(S1){\psdot}
\rput(S2){\psdot}
\rput(S3){\psdot}
\psline[linecolor=red,ArrowInside=->,ArrowInsidePos=0.45,arrowinset=0.05,arrowscale=1.5,arrowlength=1.6](R1)(S1)
\psline[linecolor=cyan,linestyle=dashed,dash=4pt 2pt](M)(S2)
\pcline[linecolor=red,nodesepA=3,ArrowInside=->,ArrowInsidePos=0.45,arrowinset=0.05,arrowscale=1.5,arrowlength=1.6](R3)(S2)
\pcline[linecolor=red,nodesepB=4,ArrowInside=->,ArrowInsidePos=0.55,arrowinset=0.05,arrowscale=1.5,arrowlength=1.6](S2)(R4)
\pcline[linecolor=red,nodesepB=1,ArrowInside=->,ArrowInsidePos=0.5,arrowinset=0.05,arrowscale=1.5,arrowlength=1.6](S3)(R2)
\pstMarkAngle[MarkAngleRadius=2,arrows=<->,arrowinset=0.05,arrowscale=1.3,arrowlength=1.4]{M}{S2}{R3}{}
\uput{1.4}[30](S2){$\alpha$}
\pstMarkAngle[MarkAngleRadius=2.0,arrows=<->,arrowinset=0.05,arrowscale=1.3,arrowlength=1.4]{R4}{S2}{M}{}
\uput{1.4}[5](S2){$\alpha$}
\uput{0.2}[-35](R1){\shortstack[l]{rayons\strut\\[-6pt] incidents\strut}}
\uput{0.1}[120](R2){\shortstack[l]{rayons\strut\\[-6pt] diffract\'{e}s\strut}}
\end{pspicture}
\end{document}

Le compteur Geiger-Müller, schématisé avec PSTricks, par Thomas Söll et Gilg Jürgen

Les fichiers (Compteur-Geiger-Muller.pdf Compteur-Geiger-Muller.tex) sont inclus dans le répertoire :

Thomas.Soell

ou :

\documentclass[dvipsnames]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}
\usepackage{pst-grad,pstricks}
\usepackage[a4paper,margin=2cm]{geometry}
\begin{document}
%Geiger-M\"{u}ller-Z\"{a}hlrohr
\definecolor{khaki}{HTML}{F0E68C}
\psset{unit=0.75}
\begin{center}
\begin{pspicture}(-6.5,-4.5)(8,2)
\psframe(-6.5,-4.5)(8,2)
\psframe[fillstyle=gradient,gradbegin=Goldenrod,gradend=Yellow!35,gradmidpoint=0.75,linestyle=none](-4.5,-1)(3,1)
%% Stromzuleitung
\psline(0,-2.4)(0,-4)
\psline{-o}(0,-4)(2.3,-4)
\uput[90](2.3,-4){$-$}
\psline{o-}(2.7,-4)(5,-4)
\uput[90](2.7,-4){$+$}
\psline(5,-4)(5,0)(4,0)
\psframe[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=white](4.8,-1.6)(5.2,-2.4)
\psdot[linecolor=blue](5,-1.4)
\psdot[linecolor=blue](5,-2.6)
\psline[linecolor=blue]{->}(5,-1.4)(7.5,-1.4)
\psline[linecolor=blue]{->}(5,-2.6)(7.5,-2.6)
\uput[90](6.6,-2.6){\parbox{2cm}{\centering\small \textcolor{blue}{vers l'amplificateur}}}
%% Isolator
\psellipticwedge[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=khaki](3.5,0)(1,1.7){30}{330}
\psellipticwedge[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=khaki](3,0)(1,1.7){30}{330}
\psline(3,0)(3.5,0)
\psline(3.85,0.85)(4.35,0.85)
\psline(3.85,-0.85)(4.35,-0.85)
%% Geh\"{a}use
%% hinten oben
\pscustom[fillstyle=gradient,gradbegin=OliveGreen,gradend=OliveGreen!20,gradmidpoint=0.8]{%
\psellipticarcn(-3.8,0)(1,1.7){90}{52}
\psline(-2.9,1)(4,1)
\psellipticarc(3.6,0)(1,1.7){52}{90}
\psline(3.6,1.7)(-3.4,1.7)
}
%% hinten unten
\pscustom[fillstyle=gradient,gradbegin=OliveGreen,gradend=OliveGreen!20,gradmidpoint=.2]{%
\psellipticarc(-3.8,0)(1,1.7){270}{308}
\psline(-2.9,-1)(4,-1)
\psellipticarcn(3.6,0)(1,1.7){308}{270}
\psline(3.6,-1.7)(-3.4,-1.7)
}
%% vorne oben
\pscustom[fillstyle=gradient,gradbegin=OliveGreen,gradend=OliveGreen!20,gradmidpoint=0.8]{%
\psellipticarcn(-5,0)(1,1.8){90}{45}
\psline(-4.1,0.8)(-2.8,0.8)
\psellipticarc(-3.7,0)(1,1.8){45}{90}
\psline(-3.7,1.8)(-5,1.8)
}
%% vorne unten
\pscustom[fillstyle=gradient,gradbegin=OliveGreen,gradend=OliveGreen!20,gradmidpoint=0.2]{%
\psellipticarc(-5,0)(1,1.8){270}{315}
\psline(-4.1,-0.8)(-2.8,-0.8)
\psellipticarcn(-3.7,0)(1,1.8){315}{270}
\psline(-3.7,-1.8)(-5,-1.8)
}
%% Draht
\psframe[fillstyle=gradient,gradbegin=gray,gradend=white,gradmidpoint=0.5,linestyle=none](2.8,-0.163)(4,0.163)
\psellipse[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=gray,linecolor=gray](2.8,0)(0.075,0.15)
\psellipticarc[linewidth=1pt,linecolor=gray](3.95,0)(0.075,0.15){270}{90}
\psframe[linecolor=BurntOrange,fillstyle=gradient,gradbegin=BurntOrange,gradend=BurntOrange!30,gradmidpoint=0.5,linewidth=0.3pt](-2.5,-0.1)(2.8,0.1)
\psellipse[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=BurntOrange,linestyle=none](-2.5,0)(0.06,0.1)
\psellipticarc[linewidth=1pt,linecolor=BurntOrange](2.78,0)(0.05,0.1){270}{90}
%% Anschluss unten
\pscustom[fillstyle=gradient,gradbegin=OliveGreen,gradend=OliveGreen!20,gradmidpoint=0.25,gradangle=90]{
\pscurve(-0.5,-1.4)(0,-1.25)(0.5,-1.4)
\psline(0.5,-1.4)(0.5,-2.5)
\pscurve(0.5,-2.5)(0,-2.54)(-0.5,-2.5)
\psline(-0.5,-2.5)(-0.5,-1.4)
}
\psellipse[fillstyle=gradient,gradbegin=cyan!10,gradend=cyan!50,gradmidpoint=0.35,gradangle=-60,linewidth=3pt](-5,0)(1,1.85)
\end{pspicture}
\end{center}
\end{document}

L'expérience de Franck et Hertz, dessinée avec PSTricks, par Thomas Söll et Gilg Jürgen

L'expérience de Franck et Hertz, joliment dessinée avec PSTricks, par Thomas Söll et Gilg Jürgen :

 Les fichiers (franck-hertz.tex franck-hertz.tex) sont inclus dans l'archive:

Thomas.Soell.zip

ou :

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}
\usepackage{pst-circ,pst-grad}
\usepackage[a4paper,margin=2cm]{geometry}
% Expérience de Franck et Hertz
\begin{document}
\psset{unit=0.75}
\definecolor{Glasblau}{rgb}{0.1176,0.5647,1}% Dodger blau
%--------- Definition eines Zylinders mit Gradientenf\"{u}llung -----------------------------
\newcommand{\Zylinder}[9]{%  #1 L\"{a}nge, #2 Radius, #3 gradbegin, #4 gradend, #5 gradmidpoint
\pscustom[dimen=#9,fillstyle=gradient,gradbegin=#3,gradend=#4,gradmidpoint=#5,gradangle=90,linecolor=#6,linewidth=#7,linestyle=#8]{%
\psellipticarc(0,0)(!#2 #2 0.3 mul){180}{360}
\psellipticarcn(0,#1)(!#2 #2 0.3 mul){0}{-180}
\closepath
}
\psellipse[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=#6,linestyle=none](0,#1)(!#2 #2 0.3 mul)
}
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{pspicture}[showgrid=false](-1,0)(16,15)
%----------- Kasten ---------------------------
\pnode(1,1){A}
\pnode(7,1){B}
\pnode(7,12){C}
\pnode(1,12){D}
\pnode(2,2){A1}
\pnode(8,2){B1}
\pnode(8,13){C1}
\pnode(2,13){D1}
\psframe[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=gray!50,linestyle=none](A1)(C1)
\pspolygon[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=gray!30,linestyle=none](A)(A1)(D1)(D)
\pspolygon[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=black!70,linestyle=none,opacity=0.7](B)(B1)(C1)(C)
\pspolygon[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=gray!50,linestyle=none,opacity=0.4](D)(C)(C1)(D1)
%----------- Thermometer und Anzeige --------------------
\pspolygon[linearc=0.1,dimen=outer,fillstyle=gradient,gradbegin=black,gradend=white,gradmidpoint=0.63,gradangle=45,linestyle=none]%
(4,12.55)(4.4,12.95)(4.4,13.9)(2.48,13.9)(2.,13.45)(2,13)
\psframe[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=gray!30,framearc=0.2,linecolor=black!50,linewidth=0.6pt](2,12.5)(4,13.5)
\psframe[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=white,framearc=0.2,linecolor=black!50,linewidth=0.6pt](2.1,12.6)(3.9,13.4)
\psframe[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=black,framearc=0.05,linestyle=none](2.25,12.75)(3.3,13.25)
\rput(3.6,13){\small $^{\circ}\text{C}$}
%--------------- Digits ------------------------------------------------------
\rput(2.52,13){%
\rput{80}(0,0){\psline[linewidth=1.0pt,linecolor=orange]{cc-cc}(0.005,0)(0.165,0)}
\rput{-100}(0,0){\psline[linewidth=1.0pt,linecolor=orange]{cc-cc}(0.005,0)(0.165,0)}
}
\rput(2.65,13){%
\rput{80}(0,0){\psline[linewidth=1.0pt,linecolor=orange]{cc-cc}(0.005,0)(0.165,0)}
\rput{-100}(0,0){\psline[linewidth=1.0pt,linecolor=orange]{cc-cc}(0.005,0)(0.165,0)}
\rput{0}(0.025,0){\psline[linewidth=1.0pt,linecolor=orange]{cc-cc}(0.005,0)(0.165,0)}
\rput{0}(0.05,0.16){\psline[linewidth=1.0pt,linecolor=orange]{cc-cc}(0.005,0)(0.165,0)}
\rput{0}(0,-0.16){\psline[linewidth=1.0pt,linecolor=orange]{cc-cc}(0.005,0)(0.165,0)}
\rput{-100}(0.22,0){\psline[linewidth=1.0pt,linecolor=orange]{cc-cc}(0.005,0)(0.165,0)}
}
\rput(2.98,13){%
\rput{80}(0,0){\psline[linewidth=1.0pt,linecolor=orange]{cc-cc}(0.005,0)(0.165,0)}
%\rput{-100}(0,0){\psline[linewidth=1.0pt,linecolor=orange]{cc-cc}(0.005,0)(0.165,0)}
\rput{0}(0.025,0){\psline[linewidth=1.0pt,linecolor=orange]{cc-cc}(0.005,0)(0.165,0)}
\rput{0}(0.05,0.16){\psline[linewidth=1.0pt,linecolor=orange]{cc-cc}(0.005,0)(0.165,0)}
\rput{0}(0,-0.16){\psline[linewidth=1.0pt,linecolor=orange]{cc-cc}(0.005,0)(0.165,0)}
\rput{-100}(0.22,0){\psline[linewidth=1.0pt,linecolor=orange]{cc-cc}(0.005,0)(0.165,0)}
}
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\rput{-90}(4.3,13.1){\Zylinder{0.2}{0.1}{red!80}{red!10}{0.3}{red}{1pt}{none}{middle}}
\rput(6.5,11.0){\Zylinder{1.25}{.2}{black!40}{gray!30}{0.3}{black!70}{1pt}{none}{middle}}
\rput(6.5,12.25){\Zylinder{1.25}{.2}{black!80}{gray!10}{0.3}{gray!30}{1pt}{none}{middle}}
\psellipticarcn[linewidth=0.5pt,linecolor=gray!30](6.5,12.25)(!0.202 0.202 0.3 mul){360}{180}
\rput(6.5,13.5){\Zylinder{0.25}{.08}{black!80}{gray!10}{0.3}{gray!30}{1pt}{none}{middle}}
\psbezier[linewidth=1.2pt,linecolor=black!40]{cc-cc}(4.5,13.1)(5.7,13.0)(6.4,14.3)(6.5,13.75)
%----------- Sockel mit unteren Anschl\"{u}ssen -----------
\rput(4.5,2.25){\Zylinder{0.5}{0.2}{black!80}{gray!10}{0.3}{gray!90}{1pt}{none}{middle}}
\rput(4,2.35){\Zylinder{0.5}{0.06}{black!80}{gray!10}{0.3}{gray!90}{1pt}{none}{middle}}
\rput(5,2.35){\Zylinder{0.5}{0.06}{black!80}{gray!10}{0.3}{gray!90}{1pt}{none}{middle}}
\rput(4.5,3){\Zylinder{2}{1.15}{black!80}{gray!10}{0.3}{black!70}{1pt}{solid}{outer}}
%----------- Spitze der R\"{o}hre -------------------
\rput(4.5,10){%
\pscustom[dimen=outer,fillstyle=gradient,gradbegin=Glasblau!20,gradend=Glasblau!60,gradmidpoint=0.2,gradangle=-30,linecolor=gray!10,linewidth=1pt]{%
\psellipticarc(0,0.1)(!1.05 1.05 0.3 mul){185}{355}
\psbezier(1,0.65)(0,0.65)(0,1)
\psbezier(0,0.65)(-1,0.65)(-1,0)
\closepath
}
}
%-------------- R\"{o}hre mit F\"{u}llung -----------------------------
\rput(4.5,5){%
\pscustom[dimen=outer,fillstyle=gradient,gradbegin=Glasblau!50,gradend=white,gradmidpoint=0.75,gradangle=-90,linecolor=gray!10,linewidth=1pt]{%
\psellipticarc(0,0)(!1 1 0.3 mul){180}{360}
\psellipticarcn(0,5.1)(!1.05 1.05 0.3 mul){355}{185}
\closepath
}
}
%---------- Anode, Gitter, Kathode-----------------------
%
%---------- Kathode und Draht + Durchgang ----------------------------------------------
\psellipse[fillstyle=gradient,gradbegin=black!40,gradend=black!30,gradmidpoint=0.75,gradangle=-30,linestyle=none](4.5,5)(!0.94 0.94 0.27 mul)
\psellipse[fillstyle=gradient,gradbegin=Glasblau!60,gradend=Glasblau!20,gradmidpoint=0.75,gradangle=-30,linecolor=Glasblau!80,linewidth=1pt]%
(4.5,5)(!0.4 0.4 0.25 mul)
\psline[linecolor=black!40,linewidth=1pt](4.4,4.92)(4.4,6)
\psline[linecolor=black!40,linewidth=1pt](4.6,4.92)(4.6,6)
\rput(4.5,5.8){\Zylinder{0.3}{0.3}{black!40}{gray!10}{0.3}{gray!60}{1pt}{none}{middle}}
\psline[linecolor=black!40,linewidth=1pt,linearc=0.15](4.25,4.94)(4.25,5.5)(3.65,5.5)(3.65,9.25)
\psline[linecolor=black!40,linewidth=1pt,linearc=0.15](4.75,4.94)(4.75,5.5)(5.25,5.5)(5.25,9)
%-------- Gitter + Anode ------------------------
{\psset{linewidth=0.8pt,linecolor=black!50}
\begin{psclip}{\psellipse[fillstyle=none,linewidth=1pt,linecolor=black!50](4.5,9)(!0.75 0.75 0.25 mul)}
\psline(3.86,9.1)(3.7,8.93)
\psline(3.9,9.11)(3.75,8.91)
\psline(3.94,9.13)(3.8,8.89)
\psline(3.98,9.13)(3.85,8.87)
\psline(4.02,9.15)(3.9,8.86)
\psline(4.06,9.16)(3.95,8.86)
\psline(4.1,9.16)(4.0,8.85)
\psline(4.14,9.17)(4.05,8.83)
\psline(4.18,9.17)(4.1,8.83)
\psline(4.22,9.17)(4.15,8.83)
\psline(4.26,9.17)(4.2,8.83)
\psline(4.3,9.17)(4.25,8.83)
\psline(4.34,9.17)(4.3,8.83)
\psline(4.38,9.17)(4.35,8.83)
\psline(4.42,9.17)(4.4,8.83)
\psline(4.46,9.17)(4.45,8.83)
\psline(4.5,9.17)(4.5,8.83)
\psline(4.54,9.17)(4.55,8.83)
\psline(4.58,9.17)(4.60,8.83)
\psline(4.62,9.17)(4.65,8.83)
\psline(4.66,9.17)(4.7,8.83)
\psline(4.7,9.17)(4.75,8.83)
\psline(4.74,9.17)(4.8,8.83)
\psline(4.78,9.17)(4.85,8.83)
\psline(4.82,9.17)(4.9,8.83)
\psline(4.86,9.16)(4.95,8.85)
\psline(4.9,9.16)(5,8.86)
\psline(4.94,9.15)(5.05,8.86)
\psline(4.98,9.14)(5.1,8.87)
\psline(5.02,9.14)(5.15,8.89)
\psline(5.06,9.12)(5.2,8.91)
\psline(5.1,9.11)(5.25,8.93)
\psline(5.14,9.1)(5.26,8.99)
\end{psclip}
}
\psellipse[fillstyle=gradient,gradbegin=black!50,gradend=black!30,gradmidpoint=1,gradangle=10,linestyle=none](4.5,9.25)(!0.85 0.85 0.25 mul)
\psellipticarcn[linewidth=1pt,linecolor=black!70](4.5,9.25)(!0.85 0.85 0.25 mul){360}{180}
\psline[linewidth=1.2pt,linecolor=black!70]{c-}(4.5,9.25)(4.5,11)
\psline[linewidth=1.2pt,linecolor=black]{c-}(4.5,11.0)(4.5,11.5)
%--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%-------- Quecksilbertropfen ----------------------
\rput{15}(3.8,5){%
\psellipse[fillstyle=gradient,gradbegin=white,gradend=black!70,GradientPos={(-0.05,0.1)},GradientScale=1.4,GradientCircle=true,linestyle=none](0,0)(0.2,0.13)}
%---------- Heizschlange --------------------------------
\psline[linewidth=1.2pt,linecolor=black,arrowscale=1.5]{o-}(0,1.4)(1,1.4)
\psline[linewidth=1.2pt,linecolor=black,arrowscale=1.5]{o-}(0.4,2)(1,2)
\psline[linewidth=1.2pt,linecolor=black!50,arrowscale=1.5](1,2)(1.8,2)
\rput{-90}(0.75,1.4){\Zylinder{0.45}{0.12}{red!80}{red!10}{0.3}{red}{1pt}{none}{middle}}
\rput{-90}(1.35,2){\Zylinder{0.45}{0.12}{red!40}{red!10}{0.3}{red!50}{1pt}{none}{middle}}
\psline[linewidth=1.4pt,linecolor=red!60,linearc=0.04](1.8,2)(6.6,2)(6.4,1.8)(2.4,1.8)(2.2,1.6)(6.2,1.6)(6,1.4)(1.2,1.4)
\psframe[linewidth=1.2pt,linecolor=black!80,dimen=middle,framearc=0.008](A)(C)
\rput[l](-1,1.8){\small $230\,\text{V}$}
\rput[l](-1,6){\small\shortstack[l]{Goutte\strut\\[-5pt]de\strut\\[-5pt] mercure\strut}}
\psline[linewidth=0.5pt](3.8,5)(2,6)(0.3,6)
\rput[l](-1,7.7){\small Cathode}
\psline[linewidth=0.5pt](4.3,6)(2,7.65)(0.5,7.65)
\rput[l](-1,9){\small Grille}
\psline[linewidth=0.5pt](3.8,9)(0.2,9)
\rput[l](-1,10){\small Anode}
\psline[linewidth=0.5pt](3.7,9.25)(2,10)(0.2,10)
\rput[l](-1,14.5){\small Thermom\`{e}tre}
\psline[linewidth=0.5pt](1.4,14.45)(6.5,14.45)(6.5,14.0)
%------------------ 2d -----------------------------------------------
\rput(10.5,4){%
\pnode(0,9){El1}
\pnode(3.5,9){El2}
\pnode(3.5,5){El3}
\pnode(3.5,-2){El4}
\pnode(0.6,5){El5}
\pscustom[linecolor=black,linewidth=1pt]{%
\psarc(0,5.5){1.5}{0}{180}
\psarc(0,0.5){1.5}{180}{360}
\closepath
}
\psline[linewidth=2pt,linecolor=black!60](-1,0.5)(-1,2.2)
\psline[linewidth=2pt,linecolor=black!60](1,0.5)(1,2.2)
\psline[linewidth=0.7pt,linecolor=black,linearc=0.05](-1,0.5)(-1,0.1)(1,0.1)(1,0.5)
\psline[arrowscale=1.8]{o-}(-0.6,-2.5)(-0.6,1.2)
\psarcn(0,1.2){0.6}{180}{0}
\psline[arrowscale=1.8]{-o}(0.6,1.2)(0.6,-2.5)
\rput(0,1.2){\pnode(0.6;50){M}}
\rput(M){\psline(0,0)(0.2;50)}
\psarc(0,1.2){0.8}{50}{130}
\psline[linestyle=dashed,dash=2pt 2pt,linewidth=0.7pt,linecolor=black](-1,5)(1.5,5)
\psline[linewidth=1pt,linecolor=black](-0.4,5.3)(0.4,5.3)
\psline[linewidth=1pt,linecolor=black](0,5.3)(El1)
\circledipole[labeloffset=0,radius=0.4cm](El1)(El2){\small\textbf{A}}
\battery[labeloffset=-1.15](El3)(El2){\rput{-45}(-0.5,0.4){\psline[arrowinset=0.05]{->}(0,-0.5)(0,0.5)}\small\shortstack[c]{$U_{\text{g}}$\strut\\[-1pt]$0\ldots 2\,\text{V}$\strut}}
\psline[linewidth=1pt,linecolor=black]{-*}(1.5,5)(El3)
\battery[labeloffset=1.15](El3)(El4){\rput{-45}(-0.4,0.35){\psline[arrowinset=0.05]{->}(0,-0.5)(0,0.5)}\small\shortstack[c]{$U_{\text{a}}$\strut\\[-1pt]$0\ldots 40\,\text{V}$\strut}}
\psline{*-*}(0.6,-2)(El4)
}
\end{pspicture}
\end{document}

Chaîne de désintégration du Thorium 232, dessinée par Thomas Söll

La chaîne de désintégration du Thorium 232, dessinée par Thomas Söll, sur le fond transparent les éléments voisins.

Les fichiers (Zerfallsreihe.tex Zerfallsreihe.pdf) sont dans l'archive :

Thomas.Soell

\documentclass[fleqn,a4paper,12pt]{article}
\usepackage{pst-grad,pstricks-add}
\begin{document}
% Chaîne de désintégration du Thorium 232
\newpsstyle{Stabil}{fillstyle=gradient,linewidth=.2pt,gradbegin=black,gradend=black!60,gradmidpoint=0,gradangle=45}
\newpsstyle{BetaM}{fillstyle=solid,framesep=0pt,linestyle=none,fillcolor=blue!70,dimen=middle,opacity=0.5}
\newpsstyle{BetaP}{fillstyle=solid,framesep=0pt,linestyle=none,fillcolor=orange!90!red!90,dimen=middle,opacity=0.5}
\newpsstyle{ElektronenE}{fillstyle=solid,framesep=0pt,linestyle=none,fillcolor=cyan!70!black!50,dimen=middle,opacity=0.5}
\newpsstyle{Alpha}{fillstyle=solid,framesep=0pt,linestyle=none,fillcolor=yellow!90!brown!80,dimen=middle,opacity=0.5}

\newpsstyle{NeutronenZ}{fillstyle=gradient,framesep=0pt,linewidth=.2pt,gradbegin=green!80!black!50,gradend=green!50,gradmidpoint=0,gradangle=45}
\newpsstyle{ProtonenZ}{fillstyle=gradient,framesep=0pt,linewidth=.2pt,gradbegin=red,gradend=red!60,gradmidpoint=0,gradangle=45,dimen=middle}
\newpsstyle{ProtonBeta}{fillstyle=gradient,framesep=0pt,linewidth=.2pt,gradbegin=red,gradend=orange!30,gradmidpoint=0,gradangle=45,dimen=middle}

\definecolor{Alpha}{rgb}{0,0,0}
\definecolor{BetaM}{rgb}{1,1,1}
\definecolor{BetaP}{rgb}{1,1,1}
\definecolor{ElektronenE}{rgb}{0,0,0}
\definecolor{NeutronenZ}{rgb}{1,1,1}
\definecolor{ProtonenZ}{rgb}{1,1,1}
\definecolor{ProtonBeta}{rgb}{1,1,1}


\newcommand{\IsotopZ}[3]
{\def\textfarbe{#3}%
\psscalebox{0.5}{%
\psframe[style=#3](0,0)(2,2)%
\rput(1,1.5){\textcolor{\textfarbe}{\textbf{\scriptsize #1}}}%
\rput(1,0.8){\textcolor{\textfarbe}{\tiny #2}}%
}%
}%
\newcommand{\IsotopSt}[2]%
{%
\psscalebox{0.5}{%
\psframe[fillstyle=gradient,linewidth=.2pt,gradbegin=black,gradend=black!60,gradmidpoint=0,gradangle=45](0,0)(2,2)%
\rput(1,1.5){\textcolor{white}{\textbf{\scriptsize #1}}}%
\rput(1,1){\textcolor{white}{\tiny stabil}}%
\rput(1,0.5){\textcolor{white}{\tiny #2\,\%}}%
}%
}%
\newcommand{\IsotopZZ}[5]%----- Der 3. Parameter um die Gr\"{o}{\ss}e der gef\"{a}rbten Fl\"{a}che anzugeben --> Prozent des jew. kleineren Zerfalls
{\def\textfarbe{#5}%
\psscalebox{0.5}{%
\pspolygon[style=#5,linestyle=none](0,0)(2,0)(2,2)(!#3 2 mul sqrt 0.2 mul 2)(!0 2 #3 2 mul sqrt 0.2 mul sub)%
\pspolygon[style=#4,linestyle=none](!0 2 #3 2 mul sqrt 0.2 mul sub)(0,2)(!#3 2 mul sqrt 0.2 mul 2)%
\psframe[linewidth=.2pt](0,0)(2,2)%
\rput(1,1.5){\textcolor{\textfarbe}{\textbf{\scriptsize #1}}}%
\rput(1,0.8){\textcolor{\textfarbe}{\tiny #2}}%
}%
}%
{\psset{unit=0.75,labelFontSize=\scriptscriptstyle}%
\begin{pspicture}(2,-1)(20,15)%
%---------------------- Americium -------------------------------------------
\rput(17,15){\IsotopZZ{Am 237}{73,0\, min}{5}{Alpha}{ElektronenE}}
\rput(18,15){\IsotopZZ{Am 238}{1,63\, h}{5}{Alpha}{ElektronenE}}
\rput(19,15){\IsotopZZ{Am 239}{11,9\, h}{5}{Alpha}{ElektronenE}}
\rput(20,15){\IsotopZZ{Am 240}{50,8\, h}{5}{Alpha}{ElektronenE}}
\rput(21,15){\IsotopZ{Am 241}{432,2\, a}{Alpha}}
\rput(22,15){\IsotopZZ{Am 242}{141\, a}{12}{ElektronenE}{BetaM}}
%---------------------- Plutonium -------------------------------------------
\rput(15,14){\IsotopZZ{Pu 234}{8,8\, h}{50}{Alpha}{ElektronenE}}
\rput(16,14){\IsotopZZ{Pu 235}{25,3\, min}{5}{Alpha}{ElektronenE}}
\rput(17,14){\IsotopZ{Pu 236}{2,858\, a}{Alpha}}
\rput(18,14){\IsotopZZ{Pu 237}{45,2\, d}{5}{Alpha}{ElektronenE}}
\rput(19,14){\IsotopZ{Pu 238}{87,74\, a}{Alpha}}
\rput(20,14){\IsotopZ{Pu 239}{24110\, a}{Alpha}}
\rput(21,14){\IsotopZ{Pu 240}{6563\, a}{Alpha}}
\rput(22,14){\IsotopZZ{Pu 241}{14,35\, a}{5}{Alpha}{BetaM}}
%---------------------- Neptunium -------------------------------------------
\rput(14,13){\IsotopZ{Np 232}{8,8\, h}{ElektronenE}}
\rput(15,13){\IsotopZZ{Np 233}{36,2\, min}{5}{Alpha}{ElektronenE}}
\rput(16,13){\IsotopZZ{Np 234}{4,4\, d}{50}{BetaP}{ElektronenE}}
\rput(17,13){\IsotopZZ{Np 235}{396,1\, d}{5}{Alpha}{ElektronenE}}
\rput(18,13){\IsotopZZ{Np 236}{1,54\, E\, 6 a}{30}{BetaM}{Alpha}}
\rput(19,13){\IsotopZ{Np 237}{2,144\, E\, 6 a}{Alpha}}
\rput(20,13){\IsotopZ{Np 238}{2,117\, d}{BetaM}}
\rput(21,13){\IsotopZ{Np 239}{2,355\, d}{BetaM}}
\rput(22,13){\IsotopZ{Np 240}{65\, min}{BetaM}}
%---------------------- Uran -------------------------------------------
\rput(11,12){\IsotopZZ{U 228}{48,8\, min}{5}{Alpha}{ElektronenE}}
\rput(12,12){\IsotopZZ{U 229}{58\, min}{50}{Alpha}{ElektronenE}}
\rput(13,12){\IsotopZ{U 230}{20,8\, d}{Alpha}}
\rput(14,12){\IsotopZZ{U 231}{4,2\, d}{5}{Alpha}{ElektronenE}}
\rput(15,12){\IsotopZ{U 232}{68,9\, a}{Alpha}}
\rput(16,12){\IsotopZ{U 233}{1,592\, E\, 5 a}{Alpha}}
\rput(17,12){\IsotopZ{U 234}{2,455\, E\, 6 a}{Alpha}}
\rput(18,12){\IsotopZ{U 235}{7,038\, E\, 8 a}{Alpha}}
\rput(19,12){\IsotopZ{U 236}{2,342\, E\, 7 a}{Alpha}}
\rput(20,12){\IsotopZ{U 237}{6,75\, d}{BetaM}}
\rput(21,12){\IsotopZ{U 238}{4,468\, E\, 9 a}{Alpha}}
\rput(22,12){\IsotopZ{U 239}{23,5\, min}{Alpha}}
%---------------------- Protactinium -------------------------------------------
\rput(9,11){\IsotopZ{Pa 225}{1,8\, s}{Alpha}}
\rput(10,11){\IsotopZZ{Pa 226}{1,8\, min}{50}{Alpha}{ElektronenE}}
\rput(11,11){\IsotopZZ{Pa 227}{38,3\, min}{50}{Alpha}{ElektronenE}}
\rput(12,11){\IsotopZZ{Pa 228}{22\, h}{5}{Alpha}{ElektronenE}}
\rput(13,11){\IsotopZZ{Pa 229}{1,50\, d}{5}{Alpha}{ElektronenE}}
\rput(14,11){\IsotopZZ{Pa 230}{17,4\, d}{50}{ElektronenE}{BetaM}}
\rput(15,11){\IsotopZ{Pa 231}{3,276\, E 4\, a}{Alpha}}
\rput(16,11){\IsotopZ{Pa 232}{1,31\, d}{BetaM}}
\rput(17,11){\IsotopZ{Pa 233}{27,0\, d}{BetaM}}
\rput(18,11){\IsotopZ{Pa 234}{6,7\, h}{BetaM}}
\rput(19,11){\IsotopZ{Pa 235}{24,2\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(20,11){\IsotopZ{Pa 236}{9,1\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(21,11){\IsotopZ{Pa 237}{8,7\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(22,11){\IsotopZ{Pa 238}{2,3\, min}{BetaM}}
%---------------------- Thorium -------------------------------------------
\rput(7,10){\IsotopZ{Th 222}{2,24\, ms}{Alpha}}
\rput(8,10){\IsotopZ{Th 223}{0,66\, s}{Alpha}}
\rput(9,10){\IsotopZ{Th 224}{1,05\, s}{Alpha}}
\rput(10,10){\IsotopZZ{Th 225}{8,72\, min}{50}{Alpha}{ElektronenE}}
\rput(11,10){\IsotopZ{Th 226}{31\, min}{Alpha}}
\rput(12,10){\IsotopZ{Th 227}{18,72\, d}{Alpha}}
\rput(13,10){\IsotopZ{Th 228}{1,913\, a}{Alpha}}
\rput(14,10){\IsotopZ{Th 229}{7932\, a}{Alpha}}
\rput(15,10){\IsotopZ{Th 230}{7,54\, E\, 4 a}{Alpha}}
\rput(16,10){\IsotopZ{Th 231}{25,5\, h}{BetaM}}
\rput(17,10){\IsotopZ{Th 232}{1,4\, E 10 a}{Alpha}}
\rput(18,10){\IsotopZ{Th 233}{22,3\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(19,10){\IsotopZ{Th 234}{24,10\, d}{BetaM}}
\rput(20,10){\IsotopZ{Th 235}{7,1\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(21,10){\IsotopZ{Th 236}{37,5\, min}{BetaM}}
%---------------------- Actinium ------------------------------------------
\rput(6,9){\IsotopZ{Ac 220}{26,4\, ms}{Alpha}}
\rput(7,9){\IsotopZ{Ac 221}{52\, ms}{Alpha}}
\rput(8,9){\IsotopZZ{Ac 222}{63\, s}{4}{ElektronenE}{Alpha}}
\rput(9,9){\IsotopZ{Ac 223}{2,10\, min}{Alpha}}
\rput(10,9){\IsotopZZ{Ac 224}{2,78\, h}{50}{Alpha}{ElektronenE}}
\rput(11,9){\IsotopZ{Ac 225}{10,0\, h}{Alpha}}
\rput(12,9){\IsotopZZ{Ac 226}{29\, h}{50}{ElektronenE}{BetaM}}
\rput(13,9){\IsotopZZ{Ac 227}{21,773\, a}{5}{Alpha}{BetaM}}
\rput(14,9){\IsotopZ{Ac 228}{6,13\, h}{BetaM}}
\rput(15,9){\IsotopZ{Ac 229}{62,7\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(16,9){\IsotopZ{Ac 230}{122\, s}{BetaM}}
\rput(17,9){\IsotopZ{Ac 231}{7,5\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(18,9){\IsotopZ{Ac 232}{119\, s}{BetaM}}
\rput(19,9){\IsotopZ{Ac 233}{145\, s}{BetaM}}
\rput(20,9){\IsotopZ{Ac 234}{44\, s}{BetaM}}
%---------------------- Radium --------------------------------------------
\rput(5,8){\IsotopZ{Ra 218}{25,6\, E -6 s}{Alpha}}
\rput(6,8){\IsotopZ{Ra 219}{10\, ms}{Alpha}}
\rput(7,8){\IsotopZ{Ra 220}{18\, ms}{Alpha}}
\rput(8,8){\IsotopZ{Ra 221}{28\, s}{Alpha}}
\rput(9,8){\IsotopZ{Ra 222}{38\, s}{Alpha}}
\rput(10,8){\IsotopZ{Ra 223}{11,43\, d}{Alpha}}
\rput(11,8){\IsotopZ{Ra 224}{3,66\, d}{Alpha}}
\rput(12,8){\IsotopZ{Ra 225}{14,8\, d}{BetaM}}
\rput(13,8){\IsotopZ{Ra 226}{1600\, a}{Alpha}}
\rput(14,8){\IsotopZ{Ra 227}{42,2\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(15,8){\IsotopZ{Ra 228}{5,75\, a}{BetaM}}
\rput(16,8){\IsotopZ{Ra 229}{4,0\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(17,8){\IsotopZ{Ra 230}{93\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(18,8){\IsotopZ{Ra 231}{104,1\, s}{BetaM}}
\rput(19,8){\IsotopZ{Ra 232}{4,2\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(20,8){\IsotopZ{Ra 233}{30\, s}{BetaM}}
%---------------------- Francium ------------------------------------------
\rput(4,7){\IsotopZ{Fr 216}{700\, ns}{Alpha}}
\rput(5,7){\IsotopZ{Fr 217}{16\, E\, -6 s}{Alpha}}
\rput(6,7){\IsotopZ{Fr 218}{22\, ms}{Alpha}}
\rput(7,7){\IsotopZ{Fr 219}{21\, ms}{Alpha}}
\rput(8,7){\IsotopZZ{Fr 220}{27,4\, s}{4}{BetaM}{Alpha}}
\rput(9,7){\IsotopZZ{Fr 221}{4,77\, min}{4}{BetaM}{Alpha}}
\rput(10,7){\IsotopZZ{Fr 222}{14,2\, min}{5}{Alpha}{BetaM}}
\rput(11,7){\IsotopZZ{Fr 223}{21,8\, min}{5}{Alpha}{BetaM}}
\rput(12,7){\IsotopZ{Fr 224}{3,3\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(13,7){\IsotopZ{Fr 225}{4,0\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(14,7){\IsotopZ{Fr 226}{48\, s}{BetaM}}
\rput(15,7){\IsotopZ{Fr 227}{2,47\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(16,7){\IsotopZ{Fr 228}{39\, s}{BetaM}}
\rput(17,7){\IsotopZ{Fr 229}{50,2\, s}{BetaM}}
\rput(18,7){\IsotopZ{Fr 230}{19,1\, s}{BetaM}}
\rput(19,7){\IsotopZ{Fr 231}{17,5\, s}{BetaM}}
%---------------------- Radon ------------------------------------------
\rput(3,6){\IsotopZ{Rn 214}{270\, ns}{Alpha}}
\rput(4,6){\IsotopZ{Rn 215}{2,3\, E\, -6 s}{Alpha}}
\rput(5,6){\IsotopZ{Rn 216}{45\, E\, -6 s}{Alpha}}
\rput(6,6){\IsotopZ{Rn 217}{0,54\, ms}{Alpha}}
\rput(7,6){\IsotopZ{Rn 218}{35\, ms}{Alpha}}
\rput(8,6){\IsotopZ{Rn 219}{3,96\, s}{Alpha}}
\rput(9,6){\IsotopZ{Rn 220}{55,6\, s}{Alpha}}
\rput(10,6){\IsotopZZ{Rn 221}{25\, min}{50}{Alpha}{BetaM}}
\rput(11,6){\IsotopZ{Rn 222}{3,825\, d}{Alpha}}
\rput(12,6){\IsotopZ{Rn 223}{23,2\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(13,6){\IsotopZ{Rn 224}{1,78\, h}{BetaM}}
\rput(14,6){\IsotopZ{Rn 225}{4,5\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(15,6){\IsotopZ{Rn 226}{7,4\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(16,6){\IsotopZ{Rn 227}{22,5\, s}{BetaM}}
\rput(17,6){\IsotopZ{Rn 228}{65\, s}{BetaM}}
\rput(18,6){\IsotopZ{Rn 229}{12\, s}{BetaM}}
%---------------------- Astatin ------------------------------------------
\rput(1,5){\IsotopZZ{At 211}{07,22\, h}{50}{Alpha}{ElektronenE}}
\rput(2,5){\IsotopZ{At 212}{314\, ms}{Alpha}}
\rput(3,5){\IsotopZ{At 213}{110\, ns}{Alpha}}
\rput(4,5){\IsotopZ{At 214}{760\, ns}{Alpha}}
\rput(5,5){\IsotopZ{At 215}{0,1\, ms}{Alpha}}
\rput(6,5){\IsotopZ{At 216}{0,3\, ms}{Alpha}}
\rput(7,5){\IsotopZZ{At 217}{32,3\, ms}{5}{BetaM}{Alpha}}
\rput(8,5){\IsotopZZ{At 218}{2\, s}{5}{BetaM}{Alpha}}
\rput(9,5){\IsotopZZ{At 219}{0,9\, s}{5}{BetaM}{Alpha}}
\rput(10,5){\IsotopZZ{At 220}{3,71\, min}{50}{Alpha}{BetaM}}
\rput(11,5){\IsotopZ{At 221}{2,3\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(12,5){\IsotopZ{At 222}{54\, s}{BetaM}}
\rput(13,5){\IsotopZ{At 223}{50\, s}{BetaM}}
\rput(14,5){\IsotopZ{At 224}{76\, s}{BetaM}}
\rput(15,5){\IsotopZ{At 225}{160\, ns}{BetaM}}
\rput(16,5){\IsotopZ{At 226}{160\, ns}{BetaM}}
\rput(17,5){\IsotopZ{At 227}{160\, ns}{BetaM}}
\rput(18,5){\IsotopZ{At 228}{160\, ns}{BetaM}}
%---------------------- Polonium ------------------------------------------
\rput(-1,4){\IsotopZZ{Po 208}{2,898\, a}{5}{ElektronenE}{Alpha}}
\rput(0,4){\IsotopZZ{Po 209}{102\, a}{5}{ElektronenE}{Alpha}}
\rput(1,4){\IsotopZ{Po 210}{138,38\, d}{Alpha}}
\rput(2,4){\IsotopZ{Po 211}{25,2\, s}{Alpha}}
\rput(3,4){\IsotopZ{Po 212}{45,1\, s}{Alpha}}
\rput(4,4){\IsotopZ{Po 213}{4,2\, E -6 s}{Alpha}}
\rput(5,4){\IsotopZ{Po 214}{164\, E -6 s}{Alpha}}
\rput(6,4){\IsotopZZ{Po 215}{1,78\, ms}{5}{BetaM}{Alpha}}
\rput(7,4){\IsotopZ{Po 216}{0,15\, s}{Alpha}}
\rput(8,4){\IsotopZZ{Po 217}{1,53\, s}{5}{BetaM}{Alpha}}
\rput(9,4){\IsotopZZ{Po 218}{3,05\, min}{5}{BetaM}{Alpha}}
\rput(10,4){\IsotopZ{Po 219}{300\, ns}{BetaM}}
\rput(11,4){\IsotopZ{Po 220}{300\, ns}{BetaM}}
\rput(12,4){\IsotopZ{Po 221}{112\, s}{BetaM}}
\rput(13,4){\IsotopZ{Po 222}{145\, s}{BetaM}}
\rput(14,4){\IsotopZ{Po 223}{160\, ns}{BetaM}}
\rput(15,4){\IsotopZ{Po 224}{160\, ns}{BetaM}}
\rput(16,4){\IsotopZ{Po 225}{160\, ns}{BetaM}}
\rput(17,4){\IsotopZ{Po 226}{160\, ns}{BetaM}}
\rput(18,4){\IsotopZ{Po 227}{160\, ns}{BetaM}}
%---------------------- Bismut --------------------------------------------
\rput(-2,3){\IsotopZ{Bi 206}{6,24\, d}{BetaP}}
\rput(-1,3){\IsotopZ{Bi 207}{31,55\, a}{BetaP}}
\rput(0,3){\IsotopZ{Bi 208}{3,68\, E\, 6 a}{BetaP}}
\rput(1,3){\IsotopZ{Bi 209}{1,9\, E\, 19 a}{Alpha}}
\rput(2,3){\IsotopZZ{Bi 210}{3,0\, E\, 6 a}{5}{Alpha}{BetaM}}
\rput(3,3){\IsotopZZ{Bi 211}{2,17\, min}{5}{BetaM}{Alpha}}
\rput(4,3){\IsotopZZ{Bi 212}{9\, min /60,6\, min}{45}{BetaM}{Alpha}}
\rput(5,3){\IsotopZZ{Bi 213}{45,59\, min}{5}{Alpha}{BetaM}}
\rput(6,3){\IsotopZZ{Bi 214}{19,9\, min}{5}{Alpha}{BetaM}}
\rput(7,3){\IsotopZ{Bi 215}{7,7\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(8,3){\IsotopZ{Bi 216}{3,6\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(9,3){\IsotopZ{Bi 217}{98,5\, s}{BetaM}}
\rput(10,3){\IsotopZ{Bi 218}{33\, s}{BetaM}}
\rput(11,3){\IsotopZ{Bi 219}{160\, ns}{BetaM}}
\rput(12,3){\IsotopZ{Bi 220}{160\, ns}{BetaM}}
\rput(13,3){\IsotopZ{Bi 221}{160\, ns}{BetaM}}
\rput(14,3){\IsotopZ{Bi 222}{160\, ns}{BetaM}}
\rput(15,3){\IsotopZ{Bi 223}{160\, ns}{BetaM}}
\rput(16,3){\IsotopZ{Bi 224}{160\, ns}{BetaM}}
%---------------------- Blei ------------------------------------------
\rput(-2,2){\IsotopZ{Pb 205}{1,5\, E\, 7 a}{ElektronenE}}
\rput(-1,2){\IsotopSt{Pb 206}{24,1}}
\rput(0,2){\IsotopSt{Pb 207}{22,1}}
\rput(1,2){\IsotopSt{Pb 208}{52,4}}
\rput(2,2){\IsotopZ{Pb 209}{3,253\, h}{BetaM}}
\rput(3,2){\IsotopZZ{Pb 2010}{22,3\, a}{5}{Alpha}{BetaM}}
\rput(4,2){\IsotopZ{Pb 211}{36,1\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(5,2){\IsotopZ{Pb 212}{10,64\, h}{BetaM}}
\rput(6,2){\IsotopZ{Pb 213}{10,2\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(7,2){\IsotopZ{Pb 214}{26,8\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(8,2){\IsotopZ{Pb 215}{160\, ns}{BetaM}}
\rput(9,2){\IsotopZ{Pb 216}{160\, ns}{BetaM}}
\rput(10,2){\IsotopZ{Pb 217}{160\, ns}{BetaM}}
\rput(11,2){\IsotopZ{Pb 218}{160\, ns}{BetaM}}
\rput(12,2){\IsotopZ{Pb 219}{160\, ns}{BetaM}}
\rput(13,2){\IsotopZ{Pb 220}{160\, ns}{BetaM}}
%---------------------- Thallium ------------------------------------------
\rput(-2,1){\IsotopZZ{Tl 204}{3,78\, a}{5}{ElektronenE}{BetaM}}
\rput(-1,1){\IsotopSt{Tl 205}{70,48}}
\rput(0,1){\IsotopZ{Tl 206}{4,20\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(1,1){\IsotopZ{Tl 207}{4,77\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(2,1){\IsotopZ{Tl 208}{3,054\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(3,1){\IsotopZ{Tl 209}{2,16\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(4,1){\IsotopZ{Tl 210}{1,30\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(5,1){\IsotopZ{Tl 211}{300\, ns}{BetaM}}
\rput(6,1){\IsotopZ{Tl 212}{300\, ns}{BetaM}}
\rput(7,1){\IsotopZ{Tl 213}{101\, s}{BetaM}}
\rput(8,1){\IsotopZ{Tl 214}{160\, ns}{BetaM}}
\rput(9,1){\IsotopZ{Tl 215}{160\, ns}{BetaM}}
\rput(10,1){\IsotopZ{Tl 216}{160\, ns}{BetaM}}
\rput(11,1){\IsotopZ{Tl 217}{160\, ns}{BetaM}}
%---------------------- Quecksilber ------------------------------------------
\rput(-2,0){\IsotopZ{Hg 203}{46,59\, d}{BetaM}}
\rput(-1,0){\IsotopSt{Hg 204}{6,87}}
\rput(0,0){\IsotopZ{Hg 205}{5,2\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(1,0){\IsotopZ{Hg 206}{8,15\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(2,0){\IsotopZ{Hg 207}{2,9\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(3,0){\IsotopZ{Hg 208}{42\, min}{BetaM}}
\rput(4,0){\IsotopZ{Hg 209}{35\, s}{BetaM}}
\rput(5,0){\IsotopZ{Hg 210}{300\, ns}{BetaM}}
\rput(6,0){\IsotopZ{Hg 211}{160\, ns}{BetaM}}
\rput(7,0){\IsotopZ{Hg 212}{160\, ns}{BetaM}}
\rput(8,0){\IsotopZ{Hg 213}{160\, ns}{BetaM}}
\rput(9,0){\IsotopZ{Hg 214}{160\, ns}{BetaM}}
\rput(10,0){\IsotopZ{Hg 215}{160\, ns}{BetaM}}
\rput(11,0){\IsotopZ{Hg 216}{160\, ns}{BetaM}}
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%\ifNoSolutions{\psframe[linestyle=none,fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=white,opacity=1](-2,0)(19,13)}{%
\psframe[linestyle=none,fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=white,opacity=0.8](-2,0)(23,16)%}
\psgrid[subgriddiv=0,gridlabels=0,gridwidth=0.4pt,gridcolor=black!80,subgridwidth=0.4pt,subgridcolor=gray!50](-2,0)(23,16)
\psaxes[yticksize=0 0,ticklinestyle=dashed,ylabelOffset=-0.5,xlabelOffset=-0.5,Oy=79,Ox=122,xticksize=0 0,showorigin=false, arrowscale=1.4,arrowinset=0.05,arrowlength=2.0]{->}(-2,0)(24,17)
\uput[-90](23.8,0){\scriptsize $N$} \uput[180](-2,16.8){\scriptsize $Z$}
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%\ifNoSolutions{}{%
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%---------------------- Thorium ------------------------------------------
\rput(13,10){\IsotopZ{Th 228}{1,913\, a}{Alpha}}
\rput(17,10){\IsotopZ{Th 232}{1,4\, E 10 a}{Alpha}}
%---------------------- Actinium ------------------------------------------
\rput(14,9){\IsotopZZ{Ac 228}{6,13\, a}{4.27}{Alpha}{BetaM}}
%---------------------- Radium ------------------------------------------
\rput(11,8){\IsotopZ{Ra 224}{3,66\, d}{Alpha}}
\rput(15,8){\IsotopZ{Ra 228}{5,75\, a}{BetaM}}
%---------------------- Radon ------------------------------------------
\rput(9,6){\IsotopZ{Rn 220}{55,6\, s}{Alpha}}
%---------------------- Polonium ------------------------------------------
\rput(3,4){\IsotopZ{Po 212}{45,1\, s}{Alpha}}
\rput(7,4){\IsotopZ{Po 216}{0,15\, s}{Alpha}}
%---------------------- Bismut --------------------------------------------
\rput(4,3){\IsotopZZ{Bi 212}{9\, min /60,6\, min}{45}{BetaM}{Alpha}}
%---------------------- Blei ------------------------------------------
\rput(1,2){\IsotopSt{Pb 208}{52,4}}
\rput(5,2){\IsotopZ{Pb 212}{10,64\, h}{BetaM}}
%---------------------- Thallium ------------------------------------------
\rput(2,1){\IsotopZ{Tl 208}{3,054\, min}{BetaM}}
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\end{document}